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電動(dòng)汽車(chē)將來(lái)可以無(wú)線(xiàn)充電

重慶與世界網(wǎng)訊（記者 吳俊琰）10月17日—18日，在由英國(guó)工程技術(shù)學(xué)會(huì)（IET）在重慶主辦的IET混合動(dòng)力和電動(dòng)汽車(chē)國(guó)際會(huì)議上，電動(dòng)汽車(chē)充電的問(wèn)題是眾多國(guó)內(nèi)外知名專(zhuān)家學(xué)者談?wù)摰慕裹c(diǎn)。有專(zhuān)家稱(chēng)，電動(dòng)汽車(chē)今后充電根本不是什么問(wèn)題，而且特別方便，還可以無(wú)線(xiàn)充電。

似乎是看重了重慶作為中國(guó)汽車(chē)工業(yè)重鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展?jié)摿?，美?guó)著名純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)商特斯拉（Tesla Motors）也于10月25日在重慶財(cái)富中心布局超級(jí)充電站，為電動(dòng)汽車(chē)車(chē)主提供免費(fèi)充電服務(wù)。據(jù)了解，特斯拉充電樁已在中國(guó)10個(gè)城市興建了22個(gè)超級(jí)充電站，在61個(gè)城市建成超過(guò)400個(gè)目的地充電樁，中國(guó)已成為美國(guó)以外充電樁數(shù)量最多的國(guó)家。

——得益于大型汽車(chē)企業(yè)涉足電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造以及中國(guó)政府的大力補(bǔ)貼扶持，電動(dòng)汽車(chē)在中國(guó)已有燎原之勢(shì)。

那么，如何高效、快速地給電動(dòng)汽車(chē)充電呢？來(lái)自英國(guó)交通研究中心（TRL UK）的Denis Naberezhnykh先生向與會(huì)者介紹了英國(guó)無(wú)線(xiàn)充電技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用的最新動(dòng)態(tài)，讓人神往不已。

Denis先生介紹道，英國(guó)政府在年初時(shí)規(guī)劃了一條純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)交通路線(xiàn)，即往返于Milton Keynes的Wolverton郊區(qū)和Bletchley之間的7號(hào)線(xiàn)路，該線(xiàn)路全長(zhǎng)25公里，共有8輛巴士，每天運(yùn)行17個(gè)小時(shí)，一周七天不間斷，預(yù)計(jì)年內(nèi)運(yùn)力將達(dá)到80萬(wàn)人次。相比于化石能源汽車(chē)，8輛巴士可以減少街道上大約5噸的微粒和有毒尾氣排放以及270噸的二氧化碳排放。同時(shí)，得益于技術(shù)改進(jìn)，該巴士在短途運(yùn)輸?shù)倪\(yùn)力和續(xù)航能力上的表現(xiàn)也毫不遜色于燃油汽車(chē)。當(dāng)然，該線(xiàn)路采用的先進(jìn)無(wú)線(xiàn)充電技術(shù)也為巴士實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間續(xù)航提供了保障。

據(jù)Denis先生介紹，7號(hào)巴士的無(wú)線(xiàn)充電通過(guò)巴士本身和線(xiàn)路共同實(shí)現(xiàn)：車(chē)身采用了兩組蓄電池以擴(kuò)大容量，延長(zhǎng)續(xù)航能力；在車(chē)底搭載有無(wú)線(xiàn)電力接收器，接受從地面充電器發(fā)送過(guò)來(lái)的能量。7號(hào)線(xiàn)路作為特殊規(guī)劃的道路，在線(xiàn)路起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)均設(shè)有地面無(wú)線(xiàn)充電裝置，每當(dāng)巴士運(yùn)行到往返線(xiàn)路終點(diǎn)時(shí)，在?？块g歇，車(chē)載充電裝置將會(huì)降至距地面4cm的位置，接受地面無(wú)線(xiàn)充電器傳來(lái)的能量。

單程運(yùn)行整條線(xiàn)路大約會(huì)消耗掉巴士三分之二的能量，但只需要在充電點(diǎn)停10分鐘，電力又可以被充滿(mǎn)。

7號(hào)線(xiàn)路的運(yùn)行規(guī)模很小，但是意義重大。目前，隨著電動(dòng)汽車(chē)技術(shù)逐漸成熟，無(wú)線(xiàn)充電技術(shù)也開(kāi)始投入到人類(lèi)的基本生產(chǎn)生活中，除英國(guó)以外，意大利、荷蘭、德國(guó)也都開(kāi)始使用類(lèi)似的系統(tǒng)。雖然投入的規(guī)模還很小，但至少是一個(gè)好的開(kāi)端。

英國(guó)無(wú)線(xiàn)充電巴士充電原理示意圖

On October 17 to 18, the 2014 IET International Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Conference was held in Chongqing. Themed upon “Electric Vehicles: Opportunities for Scaled Application”, the conference invited British and Chinese experts in transport research and electric car industry, covering topics such as key technologies, transport system, charging station construction, grid construction, battery technologies, business model innovation and social promotion of electric vehicles.

Nigel Fine, Chief Executive and Secretary of the IET was interviewed during the conference about his opinions toward the prospect of hybrid and electric vehicles.

Upon being seated, Mr Fine politely greeted the guests with a native London accent and introduced the IET. “Since 2005, IET set up an office in China and started the partnership here with local governments, enterprises and universities in electric vehicles, health and renewable energy to share knowledge and hopefully to create more opportunities in the engineering fi eld.” said him.

Despite the first visit to Chongqing, Fine showed a huge interest toward this city, especially in his specialized area. “I know China very focused on environment and industrial upgrading with a growing concern of clean energy and developing automotive industry. I think that only by combining refi ned resources home and abroad Chongqing can form a synergy of international cooperation, which propels electric vehicle development in China. IET boasts extensive engineer resources in the world and can offer the latest and the most enriched knowledge and experience to electric vehicle industry in Chongqing and China as a whole.”

With efforts through a decade, Chongqing has gained enormous progresses in the development of electric vehicles and formed the foundation of industrialization. The city is alsoequipped with favorable conditions and comparative advantages to accelerate development.

無(wú)線(xiàn)充電汽車(chē)充電示意圖

“Also a hub city of automotive industry in China, Chongqing has a greater demand for energy with high effi ciency, so hybrid and electric vehicles are quite promising in the city. As more people here need to be informed, this conference intends to share knowledge and information in this fi eld from British and Chinese experts, who will work together to the future of hybrid and electric vehicles. Since traditional automotive engine brings about signifi cant pollutions, I believe our Chinese friends will pursue a green future just like us.”

During the interview, Fine constantly mentioned that emissions reduction is a common goal for the international society. The automotive industry can only progress through revolution. Electrification is the future trend, while its mainstream is hybrid and electric vehicles. Hybrid power complementarily combines the internal combustion engine and electric motors.

Upon knowing Chongqing as one of the earliest cities of electric vehicles in China with leading hybrid technologies, Fine was extremely fascinated.

Chongqing municipal government has set up a framework to practice electric vehicles. There are hybrid buses running about in the city, Tesla, the American electric giant, has also come to Chongqing. “Such good news shows an encouraging momentum of Chongqing in developing hybrid and electric vehicles.” Fine added. He also pointed out, however, due to existing battery technology and charging network layout, it is still diffi cult to promote pure electric vehicles. Chongqing needs to develop massive infrastructure to develop electric vehicle, and the government must play an active part in setting up charging stations. “For instance, if I drive an electric vehicle from Chongqing to Beijing, there should be enough charging stations along the way to the destination. The charging needs power from national grid. In UK, we are also using more and more electric vehicles, but that also means a higher requirement toward infrastructure and users. The development of electric vehicles needs great support from the government, such as building charging stations and supplying the power. We must construct a strong and convenient charging network so that consumers can charge at home, offi ces, supermarkets, parking lots, restaurants, artery roads and highways any time. “

Fine explained that between pure electric vehicles and gasoline vehicles, there lies a transitional period which is quite good but rather diffi cult to make the leap. This is also the objective of this conference. By gathering IET experts, a bridge of communication and cooperation was set up for local automotive practitioners and world engineers to share technologies and experiences on global electric vehicles and address existing problems together.

An Interview with Nigel Fine, Chief Executive and Secretary of the IET “I am upbeat about new energy cars in Chongqing”

Written by Reporter Li Jing