項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)：陳瑤紅/寧波市風(fēng)景園林設(shè)計(jì)研究院

南塘河歷史文化街區(qū)傳承與更新，寧波，浙江，中國

項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)：陳瑤紅/寧波市風(fēng)景園林設(shè)計(jì)研究院

南塘河歷史文化街區(qū)位于寧波老城南門“長春門”之外，曾經(jīng)是舊寧波商貿(mào)文化聚集的“南門三市”，位列寧波八大紫線規(guī)劃歷史文化街區(qū)之一，與南塘河、南郊路相互依存，保留了約500m的傳統(tǒng)街巷，擁有文保單位一處，文保點(diǎn)6處。宋代著名學(xué)者袁燮的后裔世居于此，區(qū)域內(nèi)現(xiàn)存的袁氏家族居宅建筑群規(guī)模最大，類型包括居住院落、祠堂、學(xué)校等。甬水橋、河埠頭、前店后鋪的沿街作坊、永善亭、關(guān)圣殿等共同構(gòu)成南塘河歷史街區(qū)豐富的歷史文化內(nèi)涵。南塘河的一河、一街、一市構(gòu)成了該地區(qū)獨(dú)一無二的風(fēng)貌特征，是寧波城區(qū)內(nèi)惟一一處體現(xiàn)江南水鄉(xiāng)特有人居環(huán)境景觀的特色街區(qū)。

隨著城市生活形態(tài)、交通方式、商業(yè)模式的變換，航運(yùn)功能消逝，南門三市街區(qū)發(fā)展日漸落后，漸成外來人員的聚集地，生活條件極其簡陋，環(huán)境惡劣，該區(qū)域儼然成為一個尷尬的城市區(qū)域。

核心保護(hù)區(qū)的設(shè)計(jì)在保護(hù)修復(fù)文保建筑、修繕歷史建筑的原則上進(jìn)行，以保留的老建筑為主框架，新建筑進(jìn)行織補(bǔ)。街區(qū)修復(fù)尊重歷史，利用河、橋、巷、院落等資源，保留完整的區(qū)域肌理和街巷結(jié)構(gòu)，保持歷史建筑原有的尺度，保留及修復(fù)極具南塘河特色的細(xì)部，營造符合南塘河文脈與自然環(huán)境的歷史情境。

所有的做法都是老工匠采用老材料、老工藝完成，力求達(dá)到樸實(shí)、恬靜、雅致的傳統(tǒng)美感；且從地面鋪裝、景觀造景、樹種選擇、燈光配置、標(biāo)志標(biāo)識等各方面謹(jǐn)慎設(shè)計(jì)，塑造街區(qū)整體氣氛。

插建織補(bǔ)的建筑和保留建筑均是木結(jié)構(gòu)，或成片，或相連，對消防極為不利，且無法符合消防規(guī)范。該項(xiàng)目專門制定了消防專篇和保障方案，與消防專家進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)評審討論，由項(xiàng)目運(yùn)營公司配備專門的小型消防車和消防保安隊(duì)，負(fù)責(zé)保障整個街區(qū)的消防安全，得到寧波消防部門的一致認(rèn)可。

整個項(xiàng)目運(yùn)營中，定位于寧波民俗文化，立足老寧波傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)味，引進(jìn)了寧波一副、寧波湯團(tuán)、油攢子、豆酥糖、趙大有糕團(tuán)、梅龍鎮(zhèn)等傳統(tǒng)寧波小吃糕點(diǎn)及老品牌，展現(xiàn)老街市集的韻味。且在元宵、清明、端午、中秋、重陽等時(shí)節(jié)開展燈會、演出、集市等傳統(tǒng)活動。從建筑到意境，從商業(yè)到人文，全方位用心經(jīng)營老街區(qū)，得到廣大群眾的喜愛和好評。

歷史街區(qū)的舊軀殼與現(xiàn)代生活方式的矛盾是實(shí)際存在的，南塘河歷史街區(qū)的改造在尊重歷史的框架下進(jìn)行，借助街區(qū)的歷史文化資源來與新業(yè)態(tài)進(jìn)行結(jié)合，在這些老建筑中加入現(xiàn)代的功能，實(shí)現(xiàn)兼顧共存。既要人們在此間找到舊日情懷，慰藉懷舊的心緒，同時(shí)又能找到新的功能和驚喜，使人們在古與今之間找到認(rèn)同，讓歷史街區(qū)一直活下去。

目前，南塘河歷史文化街區(qū)一期項(xiàng)目已于2013年1月開街迎客，二期正抓緊施工中，預(yù)計(jì)2015年第三季度建成開放。

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

占地面積/Site Area：69900m2，其中文保建筑用地/ Historic Architecture Area：4700m2

地上建筑面積/Above-ground Floor Area：約55568m2，其中文保修繕/Restoration Area：4500m2

Nantang River historic conservation area is located outside the "Changchun Gate" of the south gate in the old city of Ningbo, which once was "three markets of the south gate" where the trade and culture in Ningbo gathered. It boasts as one of the eight purple line planning historic conservation areas in Ningbo, which is interdependent with Nantang River and Nanjiao Road, preserving traditional streets of more than 500 meters. There are also a heritage conservation unit and 6 heritage conservation sites. One river, one street and one market of Nantang River constitute the unique outlook and character of the area, which is the only townscape area showing the special human living environment landscape of Jiangnan water town in the city of Ningbo.

With transformation of the urban lifestyle, changes of means of transportation and business model, the original function of shipping has disappeared; the area development of three markets of the south gate is increasingly lagging behind, which has gradually become the gathering place for floating population, with extremely poor living conditions and harsh environment. The region has become an embarrassing urban area.

The core conservation area is designed on the principles of preserving and repairing original cultural heritage buildings as well as restoring historic buildings, taking preserved old buildings as the main framework, and renovating new buildings. For the area restoration, the projects respects its history, uses resources such as the river, bridge, alley, and courtyard, keeps integral regional fabrics as well as structure of streets and alleys, maintains the original scale of historic buildings, reserves and restores details with full characteristics of Nantang River, and creates the historical context in line with the cultural and natural environment of Nantang River.

All practices are completed by old craftsmen using old materials and old process, striving to achieve a simple, quiet and elegant traditional beauty. Everything is carefully designed, from floor coverings to landscaping, tree species selection, lighting configuration, logos and signs, etc., creating an overall atmosphere of the area.

Restored and preserved buildings are clusters of buildings or interconnected buildings with timber structure, which is extremely unfavorable to the fire protection, and does not comply with fire specifications. This project specifically prepares the fire special writing and security program, for a special review and discussion with fire experts. The project operating company has a dedicated mini fire truck and a fire security team, which is responsible for guaranteeing fire safety throughout the area, and is unanimously recognized by the fire authority of Ningbo.

In the operation, the project is positioned in the folk culture of Ningbo based on the traditional flavor of old Ningbo, introducing traditional Ningbo snacks and old brands, showcasing the charm of old streets and markets, and carrying out traditional activities such as lantern festival, performances and fairs. From architecture to artistic conception, from business to humanities, the old area is operated in a comprehensive and careful way, which has won the love and praise from the masses.

The contradiction between the old shell of the historic area and modern lifestyle is actually exist, and the transformation of the Nantang River historic area is carried out under the framework of respect for the history, combining the historical and cultural resources of the area with the new types of operation, adding modern functions to these old buildings, so as to strike a balance and achieve coexistence. The project not only allows people to recall old feelings of this area to sooth their nostalgia, but also delivers modern new features and surprises for people to find identity between ancient and new, thus keeping the historic area alive forever.

At present, the first phase of the project has been put into operation in January 2013, and the second phase is speeding up on construction, which is expected to complete in the third quarter of 2015.

評論

朱光亞：后工業(yè)社會需求中應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的古街“打造”熱潮火遍大江南北，并非所有這類項(xiàng)目都和真實(shí)的歷史文化載體的保護(hù)有關(guān)，但名城的聚落類建筑遺存的保護(hù)若能和古街的策劃結(jié)合起來，無疑使它們的可利用性有所提高，并由此獲得相應(yīng)的保護(hù)機(jī)會。不同的階層對古街有不同的期待，留下城市的真實(shí)記憶對后代來說最為重要，在修繕工程中認(rèn)真修復(fù)遺存和適當(dāng)復(fù)建以及新建部分如何擺脫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的面孔都是讓游客和后代滿意的基本著力點(diǎn)，寧波古城似乎接受了大拆大建的教訓(xùn)，南塘古街發(fā)力于古街的修繕，寧波在進(jìn)步。

張利：在非旅游取向的舊城保護(hù)項(xiàng)目中，傳統(tǒng)餐飲業(yè)的存在是個幸運(yùn)的元素，如果趕上特色的傳統(tǒng)食品加工業(yè)態(tài)的存在的話，那么可謂是幸運(yùn)中的幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)檫@會為建成后區(qū)域的人氣提供足夠的保證。南塘老街的幸運(yùn)就在于，可以以久負(fù)盛名的寧波第一副食品商店為錨固點(diǎn)，吸納一波又一波的甬味小吃加工與銷售于街區(qū)之內(nèi)，與保留的文物建筑共同編織在一片尺度宜人的肌理之內(nèi)，修葺、復(fù)建、新建等不同程度的干預(yù)結(jié)果能積極共存，已經(jīng)成為受本地人喜愛的場所，這是項(xiàng)目成功與否的最好實(shí)證。唯一的缺憾是街區(qū)沒有把河對岸納入進(jìn)來，所以臨河的潛力尚未得到充分的發(fā)揮。

Comments

ZHU Guangya: Old street renovation that arises on the demand of the postindustrial society is popular all over China, but not all such projects aim at protecting the historical and cultural carrier. There is no doubt that to combine the conservation of architectural remains and old street planning would create an opportunity for the utilization and conservation of the architectural settlements in the historic city. People from different layers of the society may have different expectations for the old street, what is the most important is to remain the genuine memories for the future generations. As a result, the project should focus on restoring remains, appropriately reconstruction, as well as how to help the newly-developed part get rid of the standardized facade, for the purpose of satisfying the demands of visitors and later generations. It seems that Ningbo Old City has learned a lesson from the largescale demolition and construction by starting with the Nantang Old Street renovation, which indicating that Ningbo is making a progress.

ZHANG Li: It is lucky to have traditional food stores in a preservation project. It is the luckiest to have the making of traditional foods on site because they are the guarantee of future popularity. Nantang Old Street does have the luck of having the widely respected old Ningbo 1st Grocery Store as the anchor point, attracting more and more traditional Ningbo food stores (making and selling) into the district. New stores and old buildings speak well with each other, whether repaired, restored, or newly added. The district is a popular place among locals already, a solid proof of the success of the project. If there is anything left to be desired, it is the riverfront. Had the project included both sides of the river, the potentials of the water front could have been exploited.

Inheritance and Renovation of Nantang River Historic Conservation Area, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China, 2012

Project Design: CHEN Yaohong/Ningbo Landscape Architecture Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.