A Historical Investigation into Guangdong’s Implementation of State Policies regarding Overseas Chinese in the Beginning of China’s Reform and Opening up

(by XIE Tao)

Abstract: Establishing and implementing policies regarding Overseas Chinese was an important link in the CPC’s efforts to bring order out of chaos in the beginning of China’s reform and opening up.As a heavily hit "disaster area" in terms of Overseas Chinese affairs and the "Cultural Revolution", Guangdong province took effective measures to eradicate the adverse effect of leftist policies, redress grievances, solve residence issues of returned Overseas Chinese, restore ownership of houses of Overseas Chinese, and promote related work and achieved remarkable results.Guangdong’s measures to put in place the national policy regarding overseas Chinese stimulated their patriotism and they became a key factor in Guangdong’s leading role in China’s reform and opening up.

Keywords: early years of China’s reform and opening up; Guangdong; policy regarding overseas Chinese

TheTaishan-AraratGoldRushRouteandItsTourismDevelopment

(by SHU Guang-mei)

Abstract: Taishanese laborers played an important role in the early development and construction of Australian gold mines and the development of Ararat is a typical example.The tourism development of the Taishanese laborers’ arduous journey from their hometown to Ararat is conducive to later generations’ pondering of the historical contributions and hardships of their forebears in developing Australia, forging a Chinese Australian Gold Rush cultural-tourist circle, extending the tourist industrial chain involving history and culture, and promoting the tourist and cultural exchanges between China and Australia.

Keywords: Taishan - Ararat; the Gold Rush route; tourism development

TheFoundingandSpreadingofChinaDailyinHongKong

(by HUANG Lei)

Abstract: China Daily, founded in Hong Kong in 1900, was the first newspaper of the Chinese bourgeois revolutionaries and was called the “progenitor” of revolution.The newspaper played an important role in spreading democratic revolutionary ideas and enlightening the masses, and made invaluable contributions to the dernocratic revolution.Also, China Daily profoundly influenced the later development of the Chinese newspaper industry in format and content setup.

Keywords: China Daily; revolutionary publicity; newspaper features

EducationDevelopmentofanOverseasChineseHometown,Kaiping,duringtheRepublicofChinaPeriod

(by TAN JIN-hua)

Abstract: Education reforms conducted by overseas Chinese in their hometown Kaiping, Guangdong, were part of the national educational reforms during the Republic of China period, and with its strong local characteristics.Kaiping people overseas faced discrimination abroad on the one hand and personally observed advanced western civilization on the other hand.Such experiences led them to strive and pursue reforms in their hometown to save the nation.They donated money to set up schools, libraries, newspapers and periodicals and aspired to reform the education in their hometown so as improve the quality of its people and lift the country out of backwardness.

Keywords: the Republic of China period; Overseas Chinese; education in qiaoxiang; educational reforms; Kaiping

AStudyofAlumniAssociationsinQiaoxiangfromthePerspectiveofSocialOrganizations

(by LI Shu)

Abstract: Alumni associations in qiaoxiang share the general commonality of social groups but also have their own characteristics.Their main functions are to communicate and connect alumni, promote the common development of the alma maters and alumni and serve the communities.To promote the scientific development of alumni associations in qiaoxiang, explorations can be made in perfecting relevant policies and regulations, improving their socialization and specialization, expanding service for alumni, and mining alumni resources.

Keywords: social organizations; alumni associations; schools funded by overseas Chinese

AnExplorationintotheZhanRuoshui’sTheoryofSelf-cultivation

(by MA Ji)

Abstract: Zhan Ruoshui’s method of self-cultivation can be summed up as goal-setting, discipline and “appreciating the heavenly principles everywhere”.The Confucian ideal personality is sages and being resolved to become a sage is the starting point and basis of Zhan Ruoshui’s theory of self-cultivation.In the process of self-cultivation, Zhan advocated discipline to purify the mind.The uniqueness of Confucianism lies in appreciating heavenly principles and Zhan believed the advantage of such appreciation is that it can be done “anywhere”.

Keywords: Zhan Ruoshui; the theory of self-cultivation; goal-setting; discipline; heavenly principles

ZuoBinglongandChineseEducationinSingaporeintheLateQingPeriod

(by CHEN Lu-xi)

Abstract: Zuo Binglong was the first formal consular officer sent to Singapore by the Qing government.As one of the earliest Qing ministers to have embraced the new-style education, Zuo made significant contributions to Sino-Singapore exchanges and the development of the Singapore Chinese community.During his tenure, he encouraged local Chinese to set up schools, personally founded some societies promoting Chinese culture and western civilization, and enthusiastically guided the youth there to return to China for further studies so as to make Chinese culture take root in Singapore and promote the Chinese education there.

Keywords: Late Qing diplomatic envoys; Zuo Binglong; Singapore; Chinese Education

PlotCharacteristicsofHandanJiinComparisonwithZhenZhongJi

(by ZHENG Yan-ling)

Abstract: The story inHandanJi(Handan Dream)comes fromZhenZhongJi(Dreamland).A comparison of the two reveals thatHandanJiis a more complete and fuller work which emerged fromZhenZhongJithrough addition, deletion and merging of the plot.HandanJifeatures Mr.Lu as the main line and Yuwen Rong, Lady Cui, Pei Guangting and Xiao Song, and Re Longmang as the four sub-lines.Later subplots echo the previous ones and they jointly push the plot forward and the whole story is full of imagination.

Keywords:HandanJi;ZhenZhongJi; plots; comparison; features

OnObjectImagesinBaJin’sNovels

(by KE Gui-wen)

Abstract: The passionate style of Ba Jin’s novels is first conveyed by the expression of intense subjective feelings and this determines the subjectiveness of the object images in his novels.The style is next exhibited by the directness of the writer’s expression of feelings and this forms the systematic nature of his use of image objects.The repeated use of certain object images develops a central object image around which gather a series of synonymous or antisense images echoing the subjective feelings and all these form a system of object images with inherent emotional tension.

Keywords: Ba Jin; object images; subjectiveness; systematicness

OnthePlotandStructureIroniesinTheAwakening

(by WEI Wen)

Abstract:TheAwakeningis widely regarded as a feminist text and a further development of the feminist thinking expressed in “The Story of an Hour”.As Prof.Shen Dan finds irony in that short story, it is also necessary to analyzeTheAwakeningfrom this perspective.An interpretation of the text in terms of plot and structure ironies reveals the reserved and critical attitudes of the author towards Edna’s impulsive and unthinking pursuit of freedom and independence.The ironies of Edna are meant to stress the importance of strong will and rational action in the feminist movement.

Keywords: Kate Chopin;TheAwakening; plot irony; structural irony

AnExplorationoftheJinShi(AdvancedScholars)GroupsproducedbyHuizhouPrefecture,Guangdong,duringtheMingandQingDynasties

(by CHEN You-qiao，LI Jian-zhong)

Abstract: During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Huizhou prefecture all together produced 98 advanced imperial scholar, 44 during the Ming and 54 during the Qing.The geographic distribution of the scholars during the two periods varied: During the Ming Dynasty, the scholars were concentrated in the two counties of Guishan and Boluo; in the Qing dynasty, Boluo declined but Guishan continued to thrive.Although the number of advanced scholars in the Ming dynasty was smaller, their advancement in the officialdom was better than those in the Qing dynasty.The thriving of the imperial scholars in Huizhou, Guangdong, during the two dynasties resulted mainly from its honest-to-goodness folkways, scholars’ diligence, conscientiousness of schools, and the incentives of the local gentry.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Huizhou had become an important education, culture and talent center in the Lingnan region.

Keywords: Ming and Qing dynasties; Huizhou Prefecture; jin shi (advanced scholars)

TheFoundingoftheGuangdongMilitiaAdministrationduringtheSecondOpiumWarandItsActivities

(by ZHANG Chao)

Abstract: Guangdong Militia Administration was set up in 1858 and disbanded in 1862.It differed from Zeng Guofan’s militia in that it also assumed the responsibility to resist the British and French invading forces.Tracing the activities of Guangdong Militia Administration during the Second Opium War helps explain the local gentry’s tendency to expand their influence by taking advantage of internal and external troubles and explore the basis for the survival and development of local militia.

Keywords: Militia Administration; official powers; gentry powers; militia

CausesoftheRapidFallofMalayainthePacificWar

(by ZHONG Ri-xing，SONG Shao-jun)

Abstract: The rapid fall of Malaya in the Pacific War was caused by multiple factors.Owing to ideological reasons, scholars have been accustomed to analyzing the causes from the perspective of the reactionary nature of the British colonial rule and the implementation of the one-sided resistance policy.But these allegations lack sufficient convincing evidence.Exploration of the Malayan battle in the pre-, during- and post-battle stages reveal that the main causes of the fall of Malaya were the international environment conducive to Japanese attack, a series of military mistakes and the strategic trade-offs of Britain in the later Malayan campaign.

Keywords: the Malayan fall; the Pacific War; the Malayan campaign

AStudyoftheTyphoonDisasterReliefMechanisminGuangdongduringtheMingandQingDynasties

(by WU Zhi-fen,HUANG Yan-hua)

Abstract: During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Guangdong was frequently stricken by typhoons and suffered severe harms.Local governments developed and issued a variety of disaster relief policies and laws and took various disaster mitigation and relief measures and these policies, laws and measures formed a relatively complete and fixed disaster mitigation and relief mechanism: first, reporting on disasters, then survey of disasters, and finally relief, tax waiver, consolation money, and lending.Analysis of and research on the disaster relief mechanism of that period is of reference meaning to the contemporary disaster relief work.

Keywords: Ming and Qing Dynasties; Guangdong; typhoon disasters; disaster response mechanisms

OnCountermeasuresfortheChangesintheConsumptionandSpendingStructureofUrbanandRuralResidentsinGuangzhou

(by DING Yuan, LING Jun, ZHOU Shugao, LI Shuqi)

Abstract: An analysis of Guangzhou’s urban and rural residents’ consumption structure reveals obvious differences between urban and rural residents’ consumption expenditure structures, but spending on food, education, culture, entertainment, transportation and communication continue to be high for both urban and rural residents and spending on the latter two items will be a major bright spot in consumption.Guangzhou’s consumption rate is low, mainly depending on government expenditures.Urban and rural residents also differ in sources of income and most derive their income from wages and salaries.Coping strategies must be sought to optimize consumption structure and promote the sound development of economy.

Keywords: urban and rural residents; consumption structure; consumption rate; static analyses; dynamic analyses

ASWOTAnalysisofGuangdong’sFarmers’Cooperatives——ACaseStudyofJiangmen

(by XIANG Zuo-chun)

Abstract: The development of Guangdong’s farmer cooperatives lags behind the national level and the reasons are many.A SWOT analysis of Jiangmen shows its merit: Due to the positive impact of policies, it has a good momentum of development and is catching up overall.Its disadvantage is that because of its arrears, the overall development level remains low.Its opportunity lies in that the provincial and municipal governments have recently launched a number of support policies and introduced innovatively a“government and bank guarantee” program.This paper proposes some coping strategies for the challenges.

Keywords: Guangdong; Jiangmen; farmers' cooperatives; SWOT analyses

DevelopmentofGuangzhouGovernmentInstitutions’Micro-bloggingViewedfromtheNewGovernment-CitizensInteractiveTechnology

(by WU Bao-chang，ZENG Li-ping)

Abstract: The emergence of microblogging of government agencies provides a new opportunity for improving governance capacity and enhancing government performance and quality of public services.This study finds that there exist numerous deficiencies in Guangzhou government agencies’ microblogging.Seeking coping measures to remedy these deficiencies can help improve the new style government-citizens interaction and build a service-oriented government in Guangzhou.

Keywords: government microblogging; government-citizens interaction; participation in government through microblogging

OntheRegulationandCheckofNetworkFalseRumorsbyCriminalLaw

(by YIN Zhen-guo)

Abstract: There are deep-seated social causes for the generation of false rumors.The development of network technology amplifies the harm of such network rumors and increases the difficulty of legal regulation, triggering the conflict between protection and restriction of freedom of speech.It is vital to delineate the reasonable boundary and scope of regulations of harmful speech by law, especially the criminal law, abide by the principle of prevention first and seek a balance in the protection of freedom of expression and maintenance of public order, and in the protection of citizens’ other rights.

Keywords: media; networks rumor; freedom of speech; regulation

OnPoliticalCorrectnessinTranslatingPoliticallySensitiveTerms

(by CHEN Shun-yi)

Abstract: Political Correctness was originally a legal concept and later extended to the political arena to shun real or alleged unfair discrimination.With regard to political correctness, language users and translators are advised to use the most “neutral” terms in order not to discriminate or offend others.Sensitive terms abound in military, political, religious, and social areas.Translation of sensitive terms is politically sensitive, and translators should abide by the principle of political correctness.The present paper conducts an investigation into sensitive terms in the above-mentioned areas from the perspective of political correctness in the hope of shedding some light onto their translation.

Keywords: sensitive terms; political correctness; political sensitivity; translation of terms

AnExplorationoftheNewMeaningsof“TuHao”

(by ZHANG Ming-hui, BAI Lan)

Abstract: Tu Hao (Chinese nouveau riche or local tyrant)was originally a noun in the ACG (Animation, Comic, Game)field.With the increase of the number of online players and the propaganda of businesses, the term has been gradually generalized and extended from the virtual world to the real world, evolving such new meanings as people with plenty of money, or of noble status or of high level.The popularity of the term is the result of the joint action of linguistic factors and socio-cultural factors.It is a classic sample of the culture of network hot words.

Keywords: tu hao; neologisms; sources; semantic analysis