美

Beauty

如果一個建筑被認為是美麗的，它通常會屹立得更久，從而節(jié)約寶貴的資源。但什么是美？能用儀器來衡量嗎？

If a building is considered beautiful, it tends to stand longer, thereby saving precious resources. But what constitutes beauty? Can it be instrumentalised?

這些建筑師說，要做到可持續(xù)，建筑必須要持久，而要持久的建筑，就應(yīng)該盡可能被更多的人欣賞。對他們來說，立面色彩的運用是達到這個目標的一種方式。

These architects say that to be sustainable, a building must last and that for a building to last, it should be appreciated by as many people as possible.The use of colour in the fa?ade was for them a way to accomplish this goal.

現(xiàn)代主義的理念是什么？認為美是一種優(yōu)雅的設(shè)計？如果“可持續(xù)設(shè)計”是“好設(shè)計”，這是不是按照“美”的定義來理解？

What about the modernist idea, that beauty is a matter of elegant design? If "sustainable design" is "good design", is it per definition “beautiful”?

在被遺忘的建筑中是否有待發(fā)現(xiàn)的新的美？這個改造項目在建筑界頗有名氣。這些廣泛發(fā)布的圖片肯定不是那些典型的用昂貴相機拍出來的鏡頭?；蛘?，也許它們是？是否宣傳這種審美也存在危險？

Is there new beauty to be found in forgotten buildings? This renovation project is quite well known in architectural circles. These broadly published images are certainly not typical glossy money shots. Or maybe they are? Is there a danger in promoting even this kind of aesthetic?

但在所有這些選項中，什么會最被欣賞？美可以衡量嗎？

But of all these options, which will be the most appreciated? Can beauty be measured?

本設(shè)計采用了一種與同類論點相反的方式。嚴肅而巨大的建筑被認為是要設(shè)計得盡可能更有吸引力。

This design takes an opposite approach to the same kind of argument. The sober, monolithic building is said to be designed to appeal as widely as possible.

如果不是，我們可不可以教我們自己和他人欣賞具有環(huán)境意識的設(shè)計？如果是一個重新使用身邊材料的好的環(huán)境策略，也許我們至少應(yīng)該嘗試喜歡這種類型的美？

Or if it isn't, can we teach ourselves and others to appreciate any environmentally conscious design? If it is a good environmental strategy to reuse materials that are lying around, maybe we should at least try to like that kind of aesthetic?

打著審美名義避免公司破產(chǎn)的創(chuàng)新。如果這些樣品確實不錯，美是否是一種營銷技巧，還是一種誘惑方式，讓本不會在自家屋頂上安裝太陽能板的市民們安裝？用儀器來衡量美對不對？

Innovation in the name of aesthetics to save the company from bankruptcy. If these samples are indeed pretty, is that beauty a marketing trick, or a way to seduce citizens that wouldn't otherwise install solar panels on their roof to join the effort? Is it OK to instrumentalise beauty?

還是僅僅是為了好看而應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造美？

Or is it only for beauty's sake that beauty should be produced?

1 “美”展臺/The table of "Beauty"

評論

周宇舫：這里的邏輯是：對環(huán)境負責(zé)任的建筑必定得長久，能長久的一個原因是大家都覺得美，而大家都覺得美的，是五彩繽紛，還是中性素凈？我們是不是要再教育一下美的原則，適合環(huán)境的就是美?我們至少可以認為，任何對于美的統(tǒng)一標準，都會像現(xiàn)代主義建筑的美學(xué)思想一樣，終將成為掠殺地域文化特質(zhì)的核武器。對于美的認識來自文明歷史的教育，新生代一定會溯源而上，超越我們的認識。

張利：這真是太棒了！終于在道德、科技和實證主義思維之外，有人提出美是可持續(xù)性的必要條件。也許是我們見到了太多把可持續(xù)性機械化、消費化的丑陋實例，所以才對在關(guān)于可持續(xù)性的展覽中出現(xiàn)“美”這一話題而深感欣慰。

Comments

ZHOU Yufang: The logic here is that, for our sakes, environmentally friendly architecture simply has to exist longer. And its lasting longer relies on everyone finding it beautiful. But what are the qualities of this beauty? Does it mean colorfulness or austerity? Should we educate ourselves to recognize beauty only in environmental friendly buildings? Can we at least think it is wrong for anyone to want to synchronize beauty's criteria? The effect would be like when, in the heyday of modernism, the domination of modern architectural aesthetics exterminated signs of regional building culture like a nuclear weapon. The recognition of beauty comes through the education of culture and history. The new generation must follow and surpass us.

ZHANG Li:Hooray! Finally someone comes out with the notion that beauty is a necessity to sustainability, after all platitudes of morality, science, and positivism. We have seen so many ugly samples of the consumerization and materialization of sustainability.That is why the fact that the notion of beauty appears in an exhibition about sustainability alone is a great relief.

2 為尋找立面正確色彩組合的研究期間所做的覆層樣品存檔照片?！皩ξ覀儊碚f，色彩是一種額外的工具，就好像形狀和光”，建筑師把建筑的美以及如何將其融入到環(huán)境中，視為可持續(xù)性的一個基本方面。

Archive photos of cladding samples used during extensive research conducted to identify the right colour combinations for the fa?ade. "For us colour is an additional tool, just like form and light", explain the architects who consider the beauty of their buildings and how they blend into their context a fundamental aspect of sustainability.

項目/Project： 布蘭德霍斯特博物館，索布魯赫·胡頓建筑事務(wù)所，慕尼黑（德國），2008年/Brandhorst Museum by Sauerbruch Hutton, Munich(Germany), 2008

3-6 德國環(huán)境部立面研究模型（1：40）。立面集成了復(fù)雜的被動通風(fēng)特征，但這些研究最終是為了美。

“如果你告訴人們，‘少吃、少消費、少飛’，這聽起來像世界上最無聊的事情。在少消費的理念中加入一些愉快、一些喜悅，是我們的主題?！?/p>

Study models (1：40) for the facade of the German ministry of the environment. The facade integrates complex passive ventilation features, but the finality of these studies is aesthetic. "If you tell people, 'Eat less, consume less, fly less,' it sounds like the most boring thing in the world. To put some kind of pleasure, some kind of delight into the whole idea of consuming less [is] our major theme."

項目/Project： 聯(lián)邦環(huán)保局，索布魯赫·胡頓建筑事務(wù)所（德國），2005年/Federal Environment Agency by Sauerbruch Hutton, Dessau (Germany), 2005

7、8 一家目前正在建設(shè)中的10.5萬m2醫(yī)院的平面和照片。這個3層的“健康城市”由盡量少的柱子支撐，以打造靈活的內(nèi)部空間。大部分承重由預(yù)制混凝土立面支撐。這個綜合體的建造要為未來幾代的時間做好準備，在未來，它很有可能要超越醫(yī)院的功能。建筑師們試圖盡可能地使建筑具有美的吸引力，以保證它不會被后代使用者拆毀。

Plan and photos of a 105000m2hospital, currently under construction. To create a flexible interior space the 3 storeys of this "City of Health" are supported by a minimal number of columns. Most loads are carried by the prefab concrete facade.The complex is built to last several generations, possibly beyond the hospital program itself. The architects tried to make the buildings as aesthetically attractive as possible to safeguard the building against demolition by future generations of users.

項目/Project： AZ羅寧格醫(yī)院，鮑姆施拉格爾-埃貝勒事務(wù)所，科特賴克（比利時），2017年/Hospital AZ Groeninge by Baumschlager Eberle, Kortrijk (Belgium), 2017（攝影/Photo：Werner Huthmacher）

9、10 當(dāng)一棟1960年代的住宅塔樓被責(zé)令拆除時，建筑師說服業(yè)主可以用重建一半的價格進行一次全面翻修。這里的居民將可以在此繼續(xù)居住，在翻修期間相對不受干擾。建筑的每個面都加了一種新的自支撐結(jié)構(gòu)，逐步取代現(xiàn)有的立面。這些加建通過冬季花園和露臺擴大了每間公寓的生活空間，同時增加了建筑的能源效率。圖為裝修后拍攝的照片。

When a 1960's housing estate tower was slated for demolition, the architects convinced the owner that a complete refurbishment could be done for half the price of a clean sweep. The inhabitants would furthermore be able to stay, relatively undisturbed during renovation works. A new, selfsupporting structure was appended to all sides of the building, gradually replacing the existing facade. These grafts extend the living space of each apartment with winter gardens and terraces, while increasing the energy efficiency of the building. Photos taken after the renovation.

項目/Project： Tour Bois le Prêtre，Druot + Lacaton & Vassal，巴黎（法國），2011年/Tour Bois le Prêtre by Druot + Lacaton & Vassal, Paris (France), 2011

11、12 一個學(xué)校建筑的室內(nèi)柱面層被重新用作外立面覆層。雖然學(xué)校的朝向具有再利用的環(huán)境優(yōu)勢，但對建筑師設(shè)計的審美價值仍有質(zhì)疑。a. 立面板樣品（圖12）

b. 建筑師注明本次展會期間要臨時移除說明的照片（圖11）

Interior column covers from a school building were re-used as exterior facade cladding. While the school's direction agrees with the environmental advantages of on-site reuse, it is skeptical about the aesthetic merits of the architects' design.

a. Sample of facade sheet (Fig. 12)

b. Photograph of the architect's note indicating their temporary removal for the duration of this exhibition (Fig. 11)

項目/Project： Athénée Royal Riva Bella，阿蘭·理查德建筑工作室，布賴恩拉勒（比利時），2012年/Athénée Royal Riva Bella by Atelier d'architecture Alain Richard, Braine-l' Alleud (Belgium), 2012

13 由研制更加吸引建筑師的光伏電池的制造商生產(chǎn)的樣品。該公司將硅片浸泡在酸中，以獲得慣用深藍色的替代色彩。它在廉價的中國光伏電池板充斥國際市場后不久，就申請破產(chǎn)了。

Samples produced by a manufacturer developing PV-cells that would appeal more to the taste of architects. The company experimented with submerging silicon wafers in acid baths to obtain alternative colours to the usual dark blue. It filed for bankruptcy shortly after, when cheap Chinese PV panels flooded the international market.

彩色光伏電池，Photovoltech公司，魯汶（比利時），2011年/Coloured PV-Cells by Photovoltech, Leuven (Belgium), 2011

14 種子炸彈用來在難以達到常規(guī)播種條件的地方種植野花。這些裝有種子的游擊式園丁的武器，都由可再生且可降解的有機材料制成，隨著時間的推移會分解，在種子發(fā)芽后為生長留出空間。網(wǎng)站上寫著：“與大自然一起，占領(lǐng)毫無生氣的城市空間，用色彩來改造它們！”

Seedbomb designed to plant wild flowers in places that are difficult to reach for conventional sowing. Packed with seeds, these guerilla gardener's weapons are made out of recycled, organic and biodegradable materials that break down over time and give way to a planted plot when the seeds sprout. The website reads "Join forces with nature, take ownership of lifeless urban spaces and transform them with a blast of colour!"

種子炸彈，Kabloom公司，英國，2009年/Seedbom by Kabloom, UK, 2009