建筑設(shè)計(jì)：坂茂建筑事務(wù)所，迪安·莫爾茨建筑事務(wù)所

金屬百葉住宅，紐約，美國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：坂茂建筑事務(wù)所，迪安·莫爾茨建筑事務(wù)所

1 夜景/Night view

紐約的切爾西地區(qū)本來就建有許多倉庫，而由于租金上漲，在1980年代，許多畫廊都從這里的soho區(qū)搬出了。之后這些倉庫寬大的入口和畫廊的窗戶都蓋上了卷簾，而這也構(gòu)成了這座建筑所在的周邊環(huán)境給人的印象。

該項(xiàng)目的業(yè)主經(jīng)營(yíng)著一家畫廊。他提出了一個(gè)常規(guī)的項(xiàng)目方案，即想在新建筑的一層設(shè)立畫廊，而上面的9層作為公寓空間，每層供一戶居住。由于建筑的基地很緊張，沒有余地來擺弄空間造型，而是需要業(yè)務(wù)化地來考慮方案，實(shí)現(xiàn)容積率的最大化。

為了在這樣的條件下創(chuàng)造出豐富的空間，我將原本要求的10層建筑增加到11層，讓每個(gè)居住單元都成為復(fù)式（2層），在不超出要求的建筑面積的條件下創(chuàng)造出雙層高的空間。

臥室、浴室和廚房被設(shè)置在居住單元中層高較低的部分。同時(shí)，為了讓所需的層高最小化，設(shè)計(jì)采用內(nèi)置于墻柜內(nèi)部的側(cè)面出風(fēng)的制冷系統(tǒng)來代替常規(guī)的位于天花內(nèi)的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。建筑在平面上分為3個(gè)開間，在每?jī)蓚€(gè)樓層中，東側(cè)的居住單元占據(jù)一個(gè)開間，剩下的兩個(gè)開間則屬于西側(cè)的單元。

建筑的北立面上設(shè)有可拉起的安全百葉以保護(hù)隱私，同時(shí)也創(chuàng)造出面向城市界面的獨(dú)特開口形式。雙層高的起居室連著室外陽臺(tái)，而采用雙折玻璃門的雙層高的陽臺(tái)門也可以被完全打開。在原本的設(shè)計(jì)中，我本想采用在過去的幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目中使用過的玻璃百葉，但因?yàn)樵摬牧显诿绹?guó)沒有生產(chǎn)而放棄了。為此，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了使用玻璃中挺的雙折疊門，這種門是從美國(guó)機(jī)場(chǎng)的飛機(jī)庫中常見的水平折疊門改造而來的。我在之前設(shè)計(jì)的建筑中使用的產(chǎn)品幾乎沒有美國(guó)生產(chǎn)的，大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品是在預(yù)算允許的情況下從歐洲進(jìn)口，而預(yù)算不允許進(jìn)口的產(chǎn)品就使用中國(guó)制造的。但現(xiàn)在，我也想嘗試采用美國(guó)本土的制造商和其產(chǎn)品。在美國(guó)，因?yàn)樯虅?wù)訴訟多、制造商又相對(duì)較少，目前的局面很難制造出具有創(chuàng)新性的產(chǎn)品。但我還是相信能使用本土制造商的產(chǎn)品來創(chuàng)造出新的建筑，這也是我今后想繼續(xù)嘗試的一大挑戰(zhàn)。（司馬蕾 譯）

2 內(nèi)景/Interior view

3 分解示意/Exploded diagram

There were originally many warehouses in Chelsea, NY, but with the rise in rent, a lot of galleries moved out from Soho in 1980's. Afterwards most of the wide entrances of warehouses and gallery windows were covered with shutters. That is the context in which this building is set.

The owner of the project ran a gallery. He set up a plan that is composed of a gallery on the first floor and 9-storey condominiums above, with one household on each floor. The site was tight, with no extra space to be played with. Instead, a business-like approach was needed to maximize the floor area ratio.

In order to create a rich space under these conditions, I divided the originally requested ten stories into eleven, making each unit into a maisonette (two-storey), and thus created double high spaces without exceeding the floor area.

The bedrooms, bathrooms and kitchens were located in the portions with lower floor-to-floor heights. In order to minimize the height, a sideblowing cooling system was placed within the built-in wall cabinets, rather than an air conditioner in the ceiling. The plan was divided into three bays. Between each two floors, the east unit occupied one bay and the west unit the remaining two bays.

The North facade has shutters to protect privacy while helping to create a distinctly unique openness to the city and beyond. The living room with double height ceiling connects to a terrace outside, and the double height door with Bi-fold doors can be opened entirely. In the original design, I wanted to adopt glass shutters which I had used in several projects before, but I gave it up because the material was not available in the United States. Therefore, we designed the Bi-fold door with mullions of glass, which was modified from the horizontal folding door normally used for airplane hangars in American airports. The products I used in my previous designs were rarely from the US. Most of them were imported from Europe when budget allowed. When budget did not allow imported products, I used those made in China. But this time, I wanted to try the American local products. Here due to the large number of lawsuits and small number of manufacturers, it is very difficult create innovative products in the current situation. However, I believe that new architecture can be created by using products of domestic manufacturers, and this will be my ongoing challenge. (Text by Shigeru Ban)

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team: Shigeru Ban, Grant Suzuki, Dean Maltz, Nina Freedman, Grady Gilles, Chad Kraus, Michael Joy, Ai Todo

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Structural Engineers: Robert Silman Associates

總承建方/General Contractor: Quattro Construction Management, LLC

主要結(jié)構(gòu)/Main Structure: 鋼框架，鋼筋混凝土/Steel frame, reinforced concrete

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 2973m2

層數(shù)/Number of Floor: +11, -1

建成時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2010.03

攝影/Photos: Michael Moran

評(píng)論

李翔寧：位于曼哈頓的公寓延續(xù)了立面網(wǎng)格的匿名性，可伸縮的百葉簾成為唯一可變的裝飾，而這套編碼的系統(tǒng)似乎傳遞著簡(jiǎn)單均一的外立面網(wǎng)格下不同住戶生活方式的多元，似乎正是紐約這個(gè)外表冰冷的大都市的最好隱喻。室內(nèi)兩層高的空間是建筑在空間上和周邊建筑拉開距離僅有的手段，不僅增加了單元空間的豐富性，也塑造了空中獨(dú)戶住宅的幻覺。

莊慎：幻想

這棟商業(yè)開發(fā)的城市公寓中最不同尋常的設(shè)計(jì)，肯定就是從飛機(jī)庫門原理中得到啟示的玻璃折疊門，足足占了兩層高，在垂直方向向內(nèi)折疊開啟。這個(gè)從尺度到操作方式都顯得很另類的機(jī)械裝置，將成為此地最戲劇化的日常生活表演?；ㄉ嬛械氖放让看卧谧约旱男∨镂蓓斏隙伎梢曰孟氤蔀楦魇礁鳂拥挠⑿廴宋?，從滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)員到戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)飛行員，而當(dāng)這道震撼人心的門每次開啟時(shí)，坂茂不也賦予了工業(yè)化體系各種可能的遐想么？

4 剖面/Section

5.6 外景/Exterior view

Comments

LI Xiangning: This Manhattan apartment building perpetuates the anonymity of gridded facade. The retractable shutters become its only variable decoration. This coding system seems to imply the diverse lifestyles of the residents under a rigid and unified facade. It is perhaps the best metaphor for the cold image of New York City. The two-storey-high inner space is the only means to distance itself from the surrounding architectures, creating rich spatial characteristics for each unit and an illusion of hanging single family home.

ZHUANG Shen: Fantasy

The most unique aspect about this commercial urban condominiums must be the huge glass folding door inspired by airplane hangar, which occupies the whole height of two stories and opens by folding vertically inwards. This mechanism, very unusual in both scale and operation, will become the most dramatic everyday performance in this area. In the famous cartoon Peanuts, every time Snoopy lies on the roof of the doghouse, he imagines himself a hero of various types, from the skating superstar to the brave fighter pilot. Similarly every time when this overwhelming door opens, does it not mean that Shigeru Ban is endowing industrialization with every possible fantasy?

Metal Shutter House, New York, USA, 2010

Architects: Shigeru Ban Architects, Dean Maltz Architect

7 入口/Entrance

8 內(nèi)景/Interior view

9 下層標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層平面/Typical floor-lower lever

10 上層標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層平面/Typical floor-upper lever

11 內(nèi)景/Interior view

12 外景/Exterior view