建筑設(shè)計(jì)：阿克雅建筑師事務(wù)所

安東尼世家酒莊，巴爾吉諾，意大利

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：阿克雅建筑師事務(wù)所

1 內(nèi)景/Interior view

安提諾里侯爵酒莊是世界上最古老的葡萄園之一。這個(gè)家族企業(yè)成立于1385年，現(xiàn)已傳至第26代——甚至在經(jīng)歷了600多年后的今天，其發(fā)展勢(shì)頭也絲毫不減當(dāng)年。這家企業(yè)的葡萄酒年產(chǎn)量在1800萬～ 2200萬瓶之間，它最近一次較大的行動(dòng)，就是在巴爾吉諾建立了新的總部大樓。這里地處基安蒂大區(qū)中部，周邊為帶狀山丘所環(huán)繞，并有數(shù)千棵柏樹直指云霄。直到最近，公司的生產(chǎn)與行政部門才徹底分開，后者的總部位于佛羅倫薩舊城內(nèi)一處歷史建筑中，而生產(chǎn)部門則分布在基安蒂區(qū)的各個(gè)地區(qū)。價(jià)值近1.1億歐元的安提諾里家族酒莊，現(xiàn)在終于為整個(gè)家族帝國提供了一處類似精神家園的場(chǎng)所。

從路邊幾乎看不見這座地中海風(fēng)格的建筑。整個(gè)景觀在平面上進(jìn)行了兩次切割，山丘看起來似乎被水平地切開了約200m長的條帶。這里采用了一些玻璃，那里還有一些模仿托斯卡納地區(qū)赤褐色泥土的預(yù)風(fēng)化耐候鋼——在這兩者之間，令人炫目的旋轉(zhuǎn)樓梯像一座雕塑一樣盤旋而上。就是這樣。正如《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》所描述的：“建筑不僅占據(jù)了一部分景觀，其自身也成為一道景觀。”

眼睛需要幾秒鐘才能適應(yīng)黑暗的環(huán)境。內(nèi)部燈光昏暗，空氣中有些許陳腐的味道。在裝有2000個(gè)橡木桶的地下空間，諸如天娜、碧波、帕西諾修道院存釀等香醇動(dòng)人的紅葡萄酒正耐心等待屬于它們的時(shí)刻。由無數(shù)拱券組成的磚砌穹窿橫跨整個(gè)空間，猶如一陣陣形狀非對(duì)稱的波浪，充滿動(dòng)感。兩間品酒室則像兩尊嵌入神圣內(nèi)殿的玻璃匣。

這樣戲劇化的建筑形態(tài)自有其實(shí)用功能——高達(dá)10m的陳釀酒窖必須冷熱適宜，其環(huán)境溫度應(yīng)全年控制在13～15℃之間。此外，13萬塊燒制磚的使用也賦予了空間如潮濕的貯藏室一般的獨(dú)特氣氛。簡(jiǎn)而言之，這些傳統(tǒng)都是儲(chǔ)藏紅酒的理想條件。實(shí)施這些概念的任務(wù)被委托給了佛羅倫薩的阿克雅建筑師事務(wù)所，他們的設(shè)計(jì)在工廠的平面功能布局與空間的神圣感之間取得了完美的平衡。

順便提一句，表面未經(jīng)處理的線割陶土磚被固定在次要的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)體系上，這些磚的加工地點(diǎn)距離現(xiàn)場(chǎng)僅幾公里遠(yuǎn)。它們是為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目特別定制的。其特殊的形式是建筑師與技師連續(xù)幾周通力合作、加班加點(diǎn)的成果，只為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝時(shí)更簡(jiǎn)便高效。它們采用了簡(jiǎn)單的企口銜接方式彼此固定。

為了建造這座酒莊，大約挖掘了40萬m2土方，數(shù)量驚人。經(jīng)過了7年的建設(shè)，其中部分土方被重新鋪設(shè)在了建筑頂部，其余部分則用于周邊場(chǎng)地的整頓?，F(xiàn)在山坡上又重新生長出了葡萄藤。甚至在幾杯基安蒂紅酒下肚后，人們也很難完全相信，在整片景觀之間隱藏著一個(gè)龐大的紅酒帝國，其中包括完整的紅酒生產(chǎn)流線、辦公室、停車場(chǎng)、運(yùn)料卡車和半掛式卡車的回車道，以及一條1.2km長的公路。（徐知蘭 譯）

Marchesi Antinori is among the oldest vineyards in the world. Founded in 1385, the family business is now in its 26th generation - and even after more than 600 years, it shows no signs of slowing down. The most recent coup for the enterprise, which produces between 18 and 22 million bottles of wine a year, is the construction of a new headquarters building in Bargino, an area in the middle of the Chianti Classico region, surrounded by striped hills and thousands of cypress trees that point like candles into the sky. Up until recently, production and administration were separate: the latter was quartered in an old palazzo in the inner city of Florence, the former scattered throughout the Chianti. Cantina Antinori, which came in at a cost of 110 million euros, now provides the family empire with something akin to a spiritual home.

The subterranean building is barely visible from the road. The landscape bears two level cuts, as though the hillside had been sliced horizontally over a length of 200 metres. A bit of glass here, a spot of pre-weathered Cor-Ten steel imitating the russet of the Tuscan soil there - between them, like a sculpture, a dizzying spiral staircase corkscrews upwards. That's it. As the New York Times described it, "The architecture doesn't just occupy the landscape, it becomes the landscape."

It takes the eyes a few seconds to adjust to the darkness. The light is dim, the air a bit musty. In the 2000 oak casks down below, melodioussounding wines such as Tignanello, Pèppoli or Badia a Passignano patiently await their moment. Like a dynamic, asymmetrical wave, a brick vault with numerous arches spans the space. The two tasting rooms jut like glass drawers into the inner sanctum.

This dramatic architectural gesture has a purpose: the aging cellars, up to ten metres high, need to be neither cooled nor heated. The ambient temperature remains constant at between 13 and 15 degrees Celsius throughout the year. Moreover, the 130000 fired bricks that lend the space its distinctive atmosphere act as moisture reservoirs. In short, the conditions are ideal for the storage of red wine. The credit for the concept goes to the Florentine architecture practice Archea, which has succeeded in creating a clever balance between factory floor and house of worship.

Incidentally, the untreated, wire-cut clay bricks, which are attached to a steel substructure, were manufactured only a few kilometres from the site. They were custom-designed for this project. Their special form, tweaked over weeks of collaboration between the architects and technicians, was designed for easy installation on site. They are simply interlocked with tongue-and-groove joints.

A staggering 400000 cubic metres of earth had to be excavated to build the Cantina. After 7 years of construction, part of this soil was deposited over the building, while the remaining material was used to mould the surrounding terrain. Now vines once again grow on the slopes. Even after a few glasses of Chianti, the fact that the earth conceals a giant empire, complete with wine production, administration, parking lots, turning paths for lorries and semi-trailer trucks, and 1.2 kilometres of road, is hard to swallow.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 安提諾里侯爵酒莊公司/Marchesi Antinori s.r.l.

建設(shè)周期/Construction Period: 2007 - 2012

使用面積/Usable Floor Area: 139950m2

建筑用途/Building's Purpose: 紅酒生產(chǎn)，辦公室，博物館，演講廳，餐館/Winery, offices, museum, auditorium, restaurant

用磚類型/Brick Type: 面磚，室內(nèi)飾面磚/Facing bricks, interior cladding bricks

攝影/Photos: Wienerberger AG/Pietro Savorelli (Fig.1-5, 8-10), Leonardo Finotti (Fig.7,11)

3 鳥瞰/Aerial view

評(píng)論

陸翔：正像延續(xù)了600多年歷史的酒莊所產(chǎn)的紅酒，封裝的是味覺的記憶，酒窖部分非承重的“磚券”呈現(xiàn)的是視覺的記憶。磚券的自由弧線、在洞口處的反向曲線以及在地腳處的凹入細(xì)部，都已在清晰聲明這里的磚券已不在荷載的重壓之下，加之建筑師設(shè)計(jì)的可以自鎖的手工磚的質(zhì)感，使二次結(jié)構(gòu)的磚券更像是一張“漂浮的磚毯”。

楊志疆：如果拋開建筑的功能屬性，該項(xiàng)目更應(yīng)該被看作是一件大地藝術(shù)作品，如同羅伯特·史密森的螺旋形防波堤，它的存在使原有的山丘風(fēng)景變得神秘而富有詩意。建筑巨大的體量大部分隱于山丘之中，外露部分是超尺度的厚重挑檐和由銹鋼板包裹的巨大的螺旋樓梯。在環(huán)境的映襯下，它們仿佛是理查德·塞拉式的大型鋼板雕塑的再現(xiàn)。建筑內(nèi)部的酒窖空間延續(xù)了上部的地貌特征，通過特制的耐火磚，在地下如山丘般連綿起伏，令人印象深刻。建筑師在這一項(xiàng)目中展現(xiàn)了對(duì)自然的尊重，對(duì)藝術(shù)的摯愛，并最終將它們轉(zhuǎn)化為壯麗風(fēng)景的一部分。

4 樓梯/Stairs

5 出口/Exit

Comments

LU Xiang: Continuing six centuries of winemaking at this location, the barrels reminds one of countless memories of wine's taste and this wine cellar, defined by non-load bearing brick vaults, presents a visual memory. The freely curving shape of the vaults and the recessing of the floor of the cellar all clearly prove that the brick vault is no longer under stress. With these details and the architect's interlocking handmade brick texture, the surface of the brick vaults appears as a "floating brick blanket".

Yang Zhijiang: If you put aside the functional properties of the building, the project can be seen as a masterpiece - like Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty -forged from Mother Nature's bosom. It gives the original mountain landscapes a mysterious and poetic aura. Most of the blocky building mass is hidden within the hills, leaving the uber-scaled heavy overhanging eaves and steel plate wrapped in a large-scale spiral staircase to be exposed on the exterior of the building. A scenic natural background serves as a backdrop to Richard Serra's large-scale steel sculptures. The wine cellar continues the upper part of the landscape features, using special firebricks that create a rolling-hill-like effect underground that leaves visitors both astounded and in awe. The architects pay respect to nature and the love of art. They seamlessly integrate those themes into Antinori Winery's spectacular landscape.

Cantina Antinori, Bargino, Italy, 2012

Architects: Archea Associati

6 平面示意/Plan diagram

7.8 內(nèi)景/Interior view

9 細(xì)部/Detail

10.11 內(nèi)景/Interior view