景觀設(shè)計(jì)：清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院景觀學(xué)系/北京清華同衡規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司

Landscape Design: Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University/Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd.

龍門山旅游區(qū)，成都，四川，中國(guó)

Longmen Mountain Tourism Area, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 2012

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院景觀學(xué)系/北京清華同衡規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司

Landscape Design: Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University/Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd.

1 龍門山銀廠溝地震前景觀/Yinchanggou in Longmen mountain before earthquake

龍門山位于四川成都市西部，其推覆構(gòu)造被稱為世界三大造山運(yùn)動(dòng)類型之一，同時(shí)這里也是中國(guó)大熊貓棲息地、生物多樣性寶庫(kù)。龍門山境內(nèi)的青城山是中國(guó)道教起源地，同時(shí)這里也是漢、藏、羌多民族、多宗教文化交融區(qū)，溝通古印度、古西亞文化的南絲路起點(diǎn)。在龍門山4133km2的范圍內(nèi)，包括了2處世界遺產(chǎn)、2處國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)、4處國(guó)家重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)、1處國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園、4處國(guó)家森林公園、1處國(guó)家歷史文化名城、2處國(guó)家歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)、12處國(guó)家重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位、1個(gè)國(guó)家非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。因此，龍門山堪稱具有自然、文化、科學(xué)、美學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)等多重復(fù)合價(jià)值的世界級(jí)遺產(chǎn)資源富集區(qū)，適合發(fā)展生態(tài)旅游、文化遺產(chǎn)旅游和休閑度假旅游。

2007年，成都市委、市政府提出借鑒歐洲阿爾卑斯山的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)，建設(shè) “龍門山國(guó)際山地旅游大區(qū)”。清華大學(xué)受托進(jìn)行龍門山與阿爾卑斯山的比較研究，并贏得了龍門山旅游區(qū)策劃國(guó)際投標(biāo)。2008年5月12日，龍門山所在區(qū)域遭受到地震重創(chuàng)，其中都江堰、彭州等地受災(zāi)較為嚴(yán)重。項(xiàng)目組經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)震后龍門山的詳細(xì)補(bǔ)充調(diào)研，有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行了一系列專題研究，重點(diǎn)制定了龍門山旅游區(qū)公共安全與綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系，提出了龍門山旅游復(fù)興的思路，完成了龍門山旅游區(qū)概念規(guī)劃、總體規(guī)劃及功能區(qū)規(guī)劃，具體提出龍門山旅游發(fā)展總體定位為：具有世界品質(zhì)的自然與文化遺產(chǎn)富集區(qū)，具有國(guó)家意義的城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)示范區(qū)，中國(guó)領(lǐng)先、世界一流、多元復(fù)合、宜游宜居的國(guó)民休閑基地、國(guó)際山地型旅游目的地。

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

項(xiàng)目主持人/Principal in Charge：楊銳

主設(shè)計(jì)師/Chief Designers：劉海龍，鄧冰

合作單位/Collaboration：北京清華城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院風(fēng)景旅游數(shù)字技術(shù)研究所，瑞士庫(kù)爾應(yīng)用科技大學(xué)旅游與休閑研究所，成都規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院

項(xiàng)目面積/Area：4133km2

項(xiàng)目時(shí)間/Project Period：2007.8-2011.7

攝影/Photos: 劉海龍(Fig 1,6,11,12,20-22)，成都市林業(yè)和園林管理局(Fig 3,7-9)，鄧冰(Fig 10)，薛飛(Fig 23)

Longmen Mountain is west of Chengdu in Sichuan Province. Its geology and biodiversity are valued across the world. The area is ethnically and religiously mixed. Qingcheng Mountain is the birth place of Taoism and also the starting point of the southern Silk Road. The4133 km2area is home to two world heritage sites, two National Nature Reserves, four National Parks, one National Geological Park, four National Forestry Parks, one National Historical City, two National Historical Towns, twelve National Cultural Heritage sites and one National Intangible Heritage area. Longmen Mountain is a rich area with important natural and cultural heritage resources.

In 2007, the Chengdu municipal government instigated the Longmen Mountain tourism plan and organized an international competition for the development of the area. Tsinghua University made a comparison study between Longmen Mountain and the Alps and was awarded tourism plan project. But in 2008 this area suffered the catastrophic effects of the 5.12 Wen Chuan earthquake and suffered serious losses in areas such as Dujiangyan and Pengzhou. The Tsinghua team started supplemental investigations immediately after the earthquake and launched a series of special research projects relating to the public security system and comprehensive disaster prevention scenarios. The Tsinghua team subsequently completed the concept plan, master plan and Special Functional Area plan for the area. The overall objectives of the Longmen tourism plan are to develop a natural and cultural heritage accumulation area of world quality, create an ecological economic demonstration area and ecological barrier for Chengdu and to become the leading recreational and tourism area of China and a world-class mountain destination.

3 龍門山鞍子河保護(hù)區(qū)八卦頂/Baguading in Anzi-river reservation area (3628m)

2 龍門山旅游大區(qū)策劃總體結(jié)構(gòu)圖/Structure planning for Longmen mountain tourism area

4 龍門山旅游區(qū)總體規(guī)劃/Zoning plan of subdivisions

5 龍門山旅游區(qū)總體規(guī)劃索引圖/Zoning plan index

成都市龍門山旅游區(qū)規(guī)劃系列項(xiàng)目

6 龍門山邛崍段的古塔/Historic tower

7 龍門山鞍子河保護(hù)區(qū)大尖峰/Dajianfeng in Anzi-river reservation area (3651m)

8 龍門山龍溪—虹口高山草甸/ Meadow in Longxi-hongkou area (3100m)

9 龍門山黑水河保護(hù)區(qū)高峰/Peak in Heishui-river reservation area

10 龍門山邛崍段的南寶山/Baonan mountain in Qionglai

11 龍門山邛崍段的山脈與田園風(fēng)光/Mountain and field in Qionglai

12 青城山/Qingcheng mountain

13 高程與坡度分析/Elevation and gradient analysis

14.15 地震災(zāi)害分析/Earthquake disaster analysis

16 水文與植被分析/water and vegetation analysis

17 珍稀動(dòng)物生境分析/Rare animal analysis

18 基本農(nóng)田與保護(hù)區(qū)分析/Agriculture and reservation area

19 龍門山銀廠溝地震前景觀/Yinchanggou in Longmen Mountain before earthquake

20 地震發(fā)生時(shí)的龍門山銀廠溝/Yinchanggou in the earthquake (2008-05-12，14:46)

21 地震后下山/After earthquake (2008-05-13，9:33)

22 地震后的塌方山體/Landslide after earthquake (2008-05-13，10:40)

23 龍門山邛崍段的南寶山/Baonan mountain in Qionglai

評(píng)論

張路峰：一個(gè)綜合的山地風(fēng)景區(qū)旅游規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目，運(yùn)用GIS技術(shù)，梳理、整合了當(dāng)?shù)刎S富的自然資源和人文資源，確定了以旅游開(kāi)發(fā)和生態(tài)保護(hù)為主線的宏觀思路。項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行過(guò)程中遭遇“5·12”地震，為此補(bǔ)充了公共安全、生態(tài)恢復(fù)等針對(duì)性內(nèi)容，為該地區(qū)災(zāi)后重建工作的迅速開(kāi)展提供了及時(shí)有力的指導(dǎo)。規(guī)劃效果的呈現(xiàn)，還有待下一步對(duì)規(guī)劃的執(zhí)行和一系列相關(guān)項(xiàng)目的操作。

胡一可：景觀的使命。規(guī)劃力圖減弱“5·12”地震對(duì)于旅游的消極影響，彌補(bǔ)不可再生旅游資源破壞帶來(lái)的損失，重建旅游產(chǎn)品的空間格局，同時(shí)建立了公共安全與綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系。規(guī)劃在完成一項(xiàng)使命，超越了一般意義上的空間布局，在戰(zhàn)略和策略層面進(jìn)行了深入研究，幫助當(dāng)?shù)卣厮苄判?、重拾機(jī)遇，讓龍門山乃至四川旅游走上復(fù)興之路。

Comments

ZHANG Lufeng： This is a comprehensive tourism master plan for a scenic mountain region. Using GIS technology, the plan analyzed ways to consolidate the area's rich natural and cultural resources and identified tourism development and ecological preservation as primary strategies. In 2008, in the midst of the planning process, the site suffered the 5.12 earthquake. In response to the earthquake, the designers added a series of special sections-regarding public security systems and ecological restoration-to the plan. These additions provided strong and timely guidance for swift post-disaster reconstruction in this region. The ultimate effectiveness of the plan still relies on the completion of the next step, the implementation and execution of a series of related projects.

HU Yike： Landscape's mission. This planning project aims to reduce the negative impact of the 5.12 earthquake on tourism in the Longmen area. It tries to address the loss of non-renewable resources that resulted from that disaster, to rebuild the spatial system of the tourism industry and to establish comprehensive public safety, disaster prevention and mitigation systems. The planning has a mission and goes way beyond creating a workable spatial layout. The in-depth studies, strategies and tactics produced focus on rebuilding the local government's confidence and generating opportunities for tourism that will revitalize Longmen Mountain and Sichuan.