景觀設(shè)計(jì)：清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院景觀學(xué)系

Landscape Design: Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University

清華大學(xué)勝因院景觀，北京，中國(guó)

Landscape of Shengyin Yuan in Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2012

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院景觀學(xué)系

Landscape Design: Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University

1 雨水花園臺(tái)階邊沿與置石/Steps and stones in the rain gardens

勝因院是清華大學(xué)教師住宅群之一，始建于1946年，曾有多位清華大學(xué)知名教授居住于此。60多年來(lái)，隨著周圍地勢(shì)因建設(shè)而抬高，這里遂成為低洼地帶，每逢暴雨便導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重內(nèi)澇。對(duì)這一頗具歷史文化價(jià)值的地區(qū)進(jìn)行改造，須將歷史保護(hù)、景觀營(yíng)造與解決雨洪內(nèi)澇問(wèn)題結(jié)合在一起。近年來(lái)，國(guó)外最佳管理實(shí)踐（BMPs）和低影響開發(fā)（LID）等雨洪管理措施日益得到推廣，它們均強(qiáng)調(diào)最大限度地從源頭控制徑流，就近處理雨水，以達(dá)到減少?gòu)搅?、污染物并控制流速的目的。設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)基于場(chǎng)地及校園歷史風(fēng)貌的變遷，提出了勝因院景觀設(shè)計(jì)定位：（1）校史教育場(chǎng)所和紀(jì)念空間；（2）具清華特色的人文科研辦公區(qū)；（3）“綠色大學(xué)”雨洪管理示范場(chǎng)所。

設(shè)計(jì)方案把降雨、產(chǎn)流、匯流、入滲、排水與豎向、土壤等分析、計(jì)算及相應(yīng)雨洪管理技術(shù)，與場(chǎng)地文脈、空間序列、功能、形式、植物、活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)相結(jié)合。雨水花園作為核心景觀要素，一方面保證蓄滲設(shè)計(jì)要求，同時(shí)其形狀靈活順應(yīng)周邊建筑、道路，結(jié)合石籠、條石臺(tái)階、置石、旱溪、木平臺(tái)及植物等元素，使雨水花園不僅作為一種綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施發(fā)揮削減暴雨徑流、減緩內(nèi)澇、處理面源污染等功能性作用，同時(shí)也參與到表現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地特征、塑造場(chǎng)所精神、體現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地歷史、激發(fā)場(chǎng)地活力的過(guò)程中，塑造具有多功能的景觀基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，也使場(chǎng)地更新改造成為解決積澇問(wèn)題與創(chuàng)造新景觀的契機(jī)。這種低成本、低影響、低技術(shù)的景觀途徑，對(duì)我國(guó)城市解決雨洪內(nèi)澇問(wèn)題的策略選擇方面頗具啟發(fā)意義。

2 區(qū)位/Location

3 雨季/Rain season

Built in 1964, Shengyin Yuan was once a model of modern housing for Tsinghua faculty. A number of distinguished professors lived there, including Mr. Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin, but with over 60 years of construction in the area, the site has settled and often suffers from serious drainage problems. In recent years BMP, LID and other storm water management techniques have been increasingly accepted and implemented. Based on an historical analysis of the site and campus, the design team arrived at the following overall design and program objectives: (1) the creation of a campus education and memorial space; (2) the development of a social and humanities science park with university characteristics; (3) the aim of being a demonstration site for storm water management.

This project illustrates how to solve on-site storm water issues in a way that is in keeping with a site's historical context. The first step in the process was the analysis of the site's soil, vegetation, topographic and drainage conditions. Based on the analysis and calculation of confluence and infiltration, several rain gardens were introduced. These successfully solved the waterlog problem, decreased runoff, encouraged more infiltration and integrated the landscape design with the surroundings. Thus multiple goals including solving the drainage problem, creating a water landscape and enhancing the nature of the site were achieved. Rain gardens and other storm water management facilities are not only green infrastructure, but also become integral parts of the space, reflecting its character, preserving its history and improving its use and energy. Landscape approaches of this kind-low cost, low impact and low tech-have proven effective in solving drainage problems on significant sites.

4 總平面/Site plan

5.6 非雨季/Non-rain season

評(píng)論

鮑威：景觀設(shè)計(jì)并非對(duì)城市表面的美化，而是可以解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的。此案通過(guò)誠(chéng)實(shí)與單一地解決場(chǎng)地排水的問(wèn)題，形成了吸引人的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果。追求真實(shí)的設(shè)計(jì)，其結(jié)果必然是美麗的。這種“微景觀”其實(shí)可以和生活走得如此之近，可謂小景觀解決大問(wèn)題。“微景觀”規(guī)模小，意味著自發(fā)性與易操作性，必然在未來(lái)具備無(wú)限的活力和市場(chǎng)。

鄭曉笛：水是景觀設(shè)計(jì)中最具動(dòng)感的自然要素。在場(chǎng)地內(nèi)匯聚地表徑流、進(jìn)而凈化循環(huán)在西方國(guó)家已是較為普遍的設(shè)計(jì)手法，但在中國(guó)仍處于起步階段。清華大學(xué)勝因院多年飽受內(nèi)澇之苦，暴雨后積水可深達(dá)70cm，雨水花園在解決這一困擾的同時(shí)，營(yíng)造出一方供人休憩的宜人場(chǎng)所。如果可以將雨季時(shí)的雨水儲(chǔ)存用于旱季時(shí)的灌溉，可能也是不錯(cuò)的選擇。

Comments

BAO Wei：Landscape design should resolve pragmatic issues, rather than simply beautifying the city's surface. This project achieves attractive results simply by straightforwardly dealing with the site's drainage problem. Truthfulness begets beauty. A Microlandscape can engage large problems but still beat the scale of everyday life. And small scale can mean being spontaneous and easy to operate. We see great potential for this kind of solution.

ZHENG Xiaodi： Water is the most dynamic element in a landscape system. Collecting, filtering, and recycling storm water on site are common practices in western countries, but ones just emerging in China now. Shengyin Yuan at Tsinghua University has suffered flooding problem over the years. Standing water there has reached a depth of 70cm after a heavy storm. This rain garden successfully tackles this problem while creating a pleasant outdoor space for local users. It would be even better if the storm water collected in rainy seasons could be stored to be used for irrigation in the dry ones.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client：清華大學(xué)房地產(chǎn)管理處

項(xiàng)目主持/Principal in Charge：劉海龍

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team：李金晨，頡赫男，孫宵銘，王川，陳琳琳，曹玥

雨水花園及給排水工程計(jì)算/Civil Consultants：張丹明，張挺

承建方/Contractor：清華大學(xué)園林科

項(xiàng)目面積/Area：1 hm2

項(xiàng)目時(shí)間/Project Period：2010.3-2012.10

7 閱讀/Reading

8 認(rèn)知/Perceiving

9 勝因院高程分析/Elevation analysis

10 勝因院徑流模擬分析/Drainage simulation analysis

11 非雨季/Non-rain season

12 春/Spring

13 夏/Summer

14 秋/Autumn

15 冬/Winter