景觀設(shè)計(jì)：北京清華同衡規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司

Landscape Design: Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd.

衍秀公園，遼陽，遼寧，中國

Yanxiu Park, Liaoyang, Liaoning, China, 2012

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：北京清華同衡規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司

Landscape Design: Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd.

遼陽衍秀公園位于遼陽市河?xùn)|新城起步區(qū)，太子河?xùn)|岸，與老城區(qū)隔河相望?？傞L約1km，占地面積約28 hm2。

如何定位？如何解決生態(tài)與人們活動場地的矛盾？如何解決淹沒區(qū)防洪與景觀的關(guān)系問題？這些是設(shè)計(jì)中重點(diǎn)考慮的問題，尤其是應(yīng)對洪水位變化的問題，顯得尤為突出。

公園大面積區(qū)域處于百年一遇洪水范圍內(nèi)，通常情況下處于常水位之上，并且大量植被長勢良好，有較強(qiáng)的場地空間利用價(jià)值。因此，設(shè)計(jì)通過運(yùn)用對不同高程范圍內(nèi)場地空間進(jìn)行因地制宜的設(shè)計(jì)手法，實(shí)現(xiàn)了該公園具有調(diào)蓄水量、非汛期市民親水愿望的目標(biāo)。

（1）作為太子河泄洪區(qū)一部分，園內(nèi)河道進(jìn)行必要疏?！厣詈硬?、湖面，形成復(fù)式河道。

（2）沿河槽岸線設(shè)置隱形堤壩，盡量將矩形、梯形斷面做成復(fù)式斷面，棄用硬質(zhì)護(hù)岸，改用軟質(zhì)生態(tài)護(hù)岸。

（3）構(gòu)建生物棲息地。

（4）場地多空間設(shè)計(jì)為市民提供在非汛期豐富多彩的活動空間。

（5）灘區(qū)地勢較高的區(qū)域布置休閑運(yùn)動場地，供市民在業(yè)余時(shí)間進(jìn)行各種文體活動。

（6）沿河堤緩坡地區(qū)種植特色觀賞植被，形成開放休憩空間和觀賞性較強(qiáng)的城市景觀帶。

公園設(shè)計(jì)秉承實(shí)用、經(jīng)濟(jì)、美觀的設(shè)計(jì)原則，通過保留、恢復(fù)、重建原有的景觀要素——水系、道路、種植基調(diào)為主，并與人為空間形成鑲嵌性的空間組合結(jié)構(gòu)，使兩者彼此協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，形成自然生態(tài)與人工生態(tài)有機(jī)結(jié)合的生態(tài)安全格局。

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

項(xiàng)目主持/Principal in Charge：胡潔

項(xiàng)目顧問/Project Consultation：安友豐，呂璐珊，David Clough，趙明

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team：孫百寧，潘芙蓉，蔡麗紅，梁超，滕曉漪，張凡，常廣隸，范漢，朱閆明子，張申亮，胡子威

項(xiàng)目規(guī)模/Area：28 hm2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period：2011-2012

Yanxiu Park is part of the first phase development of Hedong New City in Liaoyang. It is separated from the old city by a 1km stretch of the Taizi River. The site is within a 28 hectare flood plain of sharp topographical shifts, steep slopes and complex embankment configurations-land on which development is difficult and buildings cannot and should not be built.

The primary planning objective was to resolve conflicts between environmental protection and human activities and to formulate a landscape design approach that would provide for flood control and minimize the potential for damage due to variations in water level during storm events.

Most of the park’s land area is above the 100 year flood elevation, so typically it is not flooded and allowed for good planting conditions. Concepts consistent with the design approach included:

(1) Dredging within the area to increase the depth and width of the lake and connect water bodies, in effect creating two parallel river ways.

(2) Creating a hidden dyke along the river's edge, making the mostly rectangular or trapezoidal section shape a twin section and creating a "soft planted" embankment along the river.

(3) Creating flora and fauna habitats.

(4) Providing water based or other activities for residents in non-flood seasons.

(5) Locating sites for recreational sports, various activities and amenities in comparatively high elevation areas.

(6) Planting interesting ornamental plants along the gentle riverbank slopes, forming open spaces with attractive visual effects within the urban landscape.

The design demonstrates a practical and economical approach to creating an attractive public park that preserves, restores and enhances the site’s original landscape elements of water, roads and planting. It improves and enriches the relationship between the site's natural and man-made spaces, creates a stable secure ecological balance and adds valuable amenities for local residents.

1.2 從空中俯瞰衍秀公園/Bird's-eye view of yanxiu park

3 從空中俯瞰衍秀公園/Bird's-eye view of yanxiu park

4 總平面/Master plan

評論

丁力揚(yáng)：河灘是水陸生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的交匯處，易于創(chuàng)造生物多樣性和景觀豐富度高的場所。衍秀公園充分利用此優(yōu)勢，合理設(shè)計(jì)了堤岸結(jié)構(gòu)以消除洪水對場地的安全影響。通過調(diào)整豎向形成豐富的地形變化，同時(shí)創(chuàng)造了多樣化的人工和自然水體、安全而且吸引人的濱水平臺，自然多彩的植物群落，變化多樣的游憩場地，成為城市居民生活中的靚麗風(fēng)景。

胡一可：景觀的時(shí)間性。設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了調(diào)蓄水量的目標(biāo)，讓市民有機(jī)會面對河流的不同表情。結(jié)合河流駁岸和親水設(shè)施，形成動態(tài)景觀邊界，使人們獲得心理和情感上的滿足。衍秀公園是具有時(shí)間屬性的動態(tài)系統(tǒng)，其吸引力在于景觀要素與人的互動。設(shè)計(jì)將動態(tài)景觀與行為活動、心理情感和精神文化聯(lián)系起來，創(chuàng)造出多樣的體驗(yàn)，也帶給觀者一系列的感動瞬間。

Comments

DING Liyang： Regarding its particular location where water and land converge, the bench land is the generator that creates the species diversity and landscape features of the park. By wisely applying a number of strategies along the waterfront areas of the site, the designer tries to eliminate the threat of flood. The resulting design creates rich topographical conditions which in turn create diverse man-made and natural water bodies, an intriguing and safe waterfront platform, foster a colorful plant-community and open spaces. Together these features create a wonderful scene in the city.

HU Yike： A temporal landscape. Because the design regulates the water at the park, citizens have an opportunity to experience the many expressions of the river. Embankments and infrastructure created along the river form a dynamic landscape boundary, a setting that is psychologically and emotionally satisfying. Yanxiu Park is a landscape system with time attributes, its appeal lies in the interaction between landscape elements and people. Visitors engage the dynamic landscape through their behavior, activities, thoughts and emotions. The park offers the connected visitor the possibility of a diverse range of moving moments.

5 溪流/Stream

6 河道淹沒區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)/River flood plain area design

7 植物景觀/Plant landscape

8 木棧道/Wooden deck

9 從空中俯瞰衍秀公園/Bird's-eye view of yanxiu park

10 公園夜景/Night view of the park