篇首語

《世界建筑》的讀者朋友：

本期《世界建筑》的主題是“我所認識的自然”。

一部人類文明發(fā)展史，實際上是一部人與神、人與人、以及人與自然之間的關(guān)系史。

對于現(xiàn)代世界來講，人類如何認識和處理與自然之間的關(guān)系，嚴重影響人類的生存前景、生活質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)安全和生態(tài)和諧。因此，自1960年代以來，許多全球性的重大事件和熱點話題都和“自然”有關(guān)：可持續(xù)發(fā)展、資源危機、土地沙漠化、核泄露、物種滅絕、全球氣候變暖、低碳、綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)……

對于今天的中國人來講，“自然”更是一個沉重而奢侈的字眼。沉重，是因為我們可能是世界上環(huán)境污染最嚴重的國家，而且這個“最嚴重”還在向著“更嚴重”的方向發(fā)展；奢侈，是由于當霧霾蔽日、垃圾圍城、毒地蔓延、死豬塞河等環(huán)境事件日益普遍的時候，晴朗的天空、清新的空氣、干凈的水源和安全的食品已經(jīng)不再是我們?nèi)≈唤叩摹叭沼闷贰?，而逐漸成為正在遠去的“奢侈品”。

對于建筑學(xué)、城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃學(xué)、風景園林學(xué)這3個人居環(huán)境科學(xué)的支柱性學(xué)科而言，上述國際、國內(nèi)趨勢既是一種挑戰(zhàn)，更是一種機遇。如何更為深刻和全面地理解“自然”的含義和意義，如何更為有效地掌握大氣圈、水圈、生物圈、土壤圈和巖石圈的最新科學(xué)成果，如何在建筑設(shè)計、城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃和景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計中“真正”充分地考慮氣候特點、水文狀況、土壤條件、植被特征和動物棲息，如何實現(xiàn)人類和生態(tài)共同價值的最大化，或許應(yīng)該成為每個人居環(huán)境科學(xué)研究者和實踐者的基本功。否則，“綠色建筑”、“生態(tài)城市”、“景觀都市主義”等美好的概念只會是夢中花、水中月，只會是規(guī)劃設(shè)計師們無意識地欺騙自己、進而欺騙社會的美麗“謊言”。

楊銳

清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院景觀學(xué)系教授，系主任

Dear reader,

The theme of this issue of World Architecture is "the nature as I see it".

The history of civilization represents the history of humankind's relationships with God, with other humans, and with nature.

In the modern world, the way through which we as humans recognize and handle our relationship with nature significantly affects the prospects of our continued existence, living quality, product safety, as well as ecological harmony. Therefore, since the 1960s, many major global events and popular public discourse have been associated with human's relationship with nature, such as sustainable development, declining resources, desertification, nuclear accidents, species extinction, global warming, low-carbon practices, and green industry.

For today's Chinese people, "nature" is now a rather heavy and luxurious word. Nature is heavy, because at present, China may just be the most heavily polluted country in the world. This "heavily polluted" country is quickly becoming "even more heavily polluted". Today, nature is a luxury, because a clear sky, clean air, clean drinking water, and safe food are no longer inexhaustible "commodities". When environmental pollution such as severe smog, accumulation of waste, toxic land, and dead pigs in the river are increasingly prevalent, nature gradually becomes "luxury goods".

For the three major disciplines of the human settlement sciences (architecture, urban planning, and landscape architecture), the above-mentioned international and domestic trends present both challenges and opportunities. How can one more profoundly and comprehensively understand the meaning and significance of "nature"? How can one effectively interpret the latest scientific research on the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the biosphere, the pedosphere and the lithosphere? How can one truly take into account natural factors such as climate, hydrology, soil conditions, vegetation, and animal habitat during the process of architectural design, urban planning and landscape architecture? Perhaps knowing how to maximize the common values between human development and ecology should be within the skill set of every researcher and practitioner of the human settlement sciences. Otherwise, wonderful ideas such as "green architecture", "eco-cities" and "landscape urbanism" will remain as illusions for most, just as flowers in a dream or the moon in the water. These ideas will become beautiful "lies" through which planners unconsciously deceive themselves and thus deceive society.

YANG Rui

Professor, Chair of Department of Landscape, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University