無(wú)論是好萊塢大片里的中央情報(bào)局，還是邦德系列電影里的軍情六處，抑或是前蘇聯(lián)聞名于世的克格勃，情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)都充滿了無(wú)盡的神秘色彩，讓人很想一探究竟。下文就讓我們一同來(lái)了解世界著名情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)的真實(shí)面目和它們都在哪里安營(yíng)扎寨。

Architecture is a language， one used by institutions to say something about themselves.

The same basic principle is true for the world’s spy agencies. All show their secrecy in their buildings， while some may appear starkly utilitarian1）， and some may be frightening and alienating. But they also have their quirks and differences， whether it be an isolated complex2） hidden by trees， in a location that’s never been officially disclosed， or a prominent complex built by superstar architects and put on prominent display in the middle of a capital city.

From Virginia to Berlin to Moscow， here are six of them.

United States： Central Intelligence Agency

John Brennan， the new director of the CIA is working from inside a complex that could blend into a business park anywhere in America. But this park contains the headquarters of America’s foreign intelligence agency.

Protected from prying eyes by a wooded belt in suburban Langley， Virginia， just northwest of Washington， D.C.， the complex is actually two sets of buildings connected to a central core， with each set built at different times. The first half of the building， designed by New York architecture firm Harrison and Abramovitz—who had a role in designing the United Nations headquarters—dates back to 1963. It’s a sign of its times， and built from sterile3） pre-fabricated concrete while the Headquarters Auditorium， also known as “The Bubble” took its cue from4） post-war futurism. But by the 1980s， the agency was running out of space. Today， the complex is much larger， with an added west wing of two glass office towers， designed by Detroit architects Smith， Hinchman Grylls in the 1980s.

The CIA also has a penchant5） for art and assorted knick-knacks6）. The agency has a chunk7） of the Berlin Wall on display， and an A-12 Oxcart spy plane. There’s a museum inside the building with all sorts of weird memorabilia8） inside， from a robotic fish to a Cold War-era mini-submarine. Outside the cafeteria9） on the grounds of the headquarters’ new wing is the copper sculpture Kryptos， containing 869 encrypted10） characters on four plates. The final plate， with its 97 characters， is still unbroken. The cafeteria is remarkably pleasant and airy for a government building， with enormous windows and green views. The food， however， is not quite as pleasing.

United Kingdom： Secret Intelligence Service

There’s perhaps no spy headquarters more recognizable than the SIS Building， headquarters of the British Secret Intelligence Service， or MI6. It’s not only smack-dab11） in the middle of London， but has been featured in six James Bond movies， and blown up in two of them. Designed by architect Terry Farrell， the structure has been compared to a cross between a Babylonian ziggurat12） and a power plant. And it’s built like a veritable fortress， capable of withstanding bomb attacks. There are also reportedly extensive underground areas.

It’s also put its defenses to use. In September 2000， militants suspected to be from the Real Irish Republican Army—a splinter13） faction of the Irish paramilitary group—fired a rocket-propelled grenade round at the building’s eighth floor， causing no injuries. In a demonstration of just how heavily armored the building is， the rocket reportedly bounced off a glass window.

Russia： Federal Security Service

The Lubyanka building—the yellow， neo-Baroque former headquarters of Russia’s spies—is still the most recognizable symbol of Russian secrecy， even if the bulk of their office space has moved elsewhere. Dating to 1897， the building once housed an insurance company before becoming the headquarters for the feared Soviet spy agency KGB. It was remodeled by Stalin. （The basement contained a KGB prison.） The building was then transferred to the KGB’s successor agency， the Federal Security Service （FSB）， after the collapse of the USSR.

According to cybersecurity analyst Jeffrey Carr’s book Inside Cyber Warfare： Mapping the Cyber Underworld， the building today houses the FSB’s Communications Security Center， which oversees and encrypts Russian government computer security systems； and the Center for Licensing， Certification， and Protection of State Secrets， which handles export licenses for cryptographic14） and surveillance15） technology. Twin suicide bombing attacks in 2010 also came close to the building—one of the blasts exploded at the nearby Lubyanka metro station.

Israel： Mossad

The Israeli Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations， known around the world as Mossad， is one of the most difficult spy agencies to locate. In Israel， it’s a closely guarded state secret， and attempts by amateur sleuths16） on the internet have frequently misidentified its headquarters. But there are some indications its location has been figured out. An apparent former Mossad agent claimed to have revealed its location in 1987， at a highway intersection called Glilot Junction. In journalist Patrick Tyler’s 2012 book Fortress Israel， he described Mossad’s headquarters as a “partially hidden campus of low-slung17） office buildings sandwiched between the Glilot highway junction， a cineplex18）， and a shopping center.” The buildings seen above appear to fit the location and description， and the building at top is indeed a cineplex， but it’s not for certain whether it’s really Mossad.

Germany： Federal Intelligence Service

Germany’s chief spy agency， which in German goes by the name Bundesnachrichtendienst （BND）， is proud of its spiffy19） new headquarters. ABC has reported that it’s “set to be one of the most technologically sophisticated buildings in the world” once it opens in 2014. Located within walking distance of the Reichstag building in Berlin and on the site of a former East German soccer stadium， the BND has even gone online to show off its facades20） of “natural stone， render， fair-faced concrete， brick or metal.” It has room for 4，000 employees， and has weird blob21） art.

But the design is also perhaps more open than the Germans would like. In July 2011， Munich news magazine Focus reported that the building’s blueprints were stolen from the construction site. According to Focus， the blueprints contained “the exact function of every single room， the thickness of each wall， the exact position of every toilet and every emergency exit and every security checkpoint.” The theft hasn’t ended Berlin’s plans. However， it was reported to have forced an estimated $1.8 billion interior redesign.

France： Directorate-General for External Security

This walled compound22） doesn’t stand out—because it’s not supposed to. It would be an ordinary and undistinguished complex of buildings， if you ignore the high walls topped with spikes and a tall sensor tower. Located on the eastern edge of the Paris city limits is the headquarters for the French Directorate-General for External Security （DGSE）， the agency responsible for France’s overseas intelligence works. Its headquarters are also nicknamed “the swimming pool” for its proximity23） to a facility used by the French Swimming Federation， and Google Maps has even blurred24） its image in satellite photographs.

建筑是一門(mén)語(yǔ)言，各個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)用它來(lái)講述自己的故事。

這一基本原則也同樣適用于全世界的間諜機(jī)構(gòu)。所有的間諜機(jī)構(gòu)都通過(guò)其所在的大樓彰顯自身的神秘性，只是其中有些看起來(lái)可能純粹追求實(shí)用，而另一些看起來(lái)則可能讓人望而生畏、敬而遠(yuǎn)之。但是，無(wú)論是藏身樹(shù)叢、其所在地從未被正式披露過(guò)的偏僻樓群，還是由明星建筑師設(shè)計(jì)建造、顯眼地展示在首都中心區(qū)域的宏偉樓群，這些建筑物也都有各自的怪異和差別之處。

從弗吉尼亞州到柏林再到莫斯科，本文介紹的就是世界六大間諜機(jī)構(gòu)的總部。

美國(guó)：中央情報(bào)局

新任中情局局長(zhǎng)約翰·布倫南工作所在的樓群普通得能夠融入美國(guó)任何一個(gè)地方的商業(yè)園區(qū)。只不過(guò)，這個(gè)園區(qū)內(nèi)設(shè)有美國(guó)對(duì)外情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)的總部。

該樓群位于弗吉尼亞州的蘭利郊區(qū)，就在華盛頓特區(qū)的西北部，樓群被一片林木帶遮擋，窺探的眼睛難以見(jiàn)其真容。該樓群實(shí)際上由兩組建于不同時(shí)期的大樓與一棟核心大樓連接而成。大樓前半部分的建造可追溯至1963年，由紐約哈里森和阿布拉莫維茨建筑公司設(shè)計(jì)，該公司曾經(jīng)參與聯(lián)合國(guó)總部的設(shè)計(jì)。這組大樓是那個(gè)時(shí)代的標(biāo)志，用毫無(wú)想象力的預(yù)制混凝土建造而成。不過(guò)，被稱作“氣泡”的總部禮堂倒是借鑒了戰(zhàn)后的未來(lái)主義風(fēng)格。但到了20世紀(jì)80年代，中情局的辦公空間就漸漸不夠用了。今天的樓群比以前要大得多，西側(cè)新增了兩棟玻璃辦公塔樓，由底特律的史密斯、欣奇曼與格里爾斯建筑公司于20世紀(jì)80年代設(shè)計(jì)。

中情局還偏愛(ài)藝術(shù)和各種小擺設(shè)。該機(jī)構(gòu)的展示品包括一大塊柏林墻和一架A-12“牛車”間諜飛機(jī)。大樓內(nèi)部設(shè)有一個(gè)博物館，里面收藏了各種怪異的紀(jì)念品，從機(jī)器魚(yú)到冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的微型潛艇，應(yīng)有盡有。在總部新建側(cè)樓庭院里的自助餐廳外面，有一座名為“克里普托斯”的銅雕，雕塑的四塊板上含有869個(gè)加密字符。最后一塊板上有97個(gè)字符，至今仍未被破譯。對(duì)于一棟政府大樓而言，這里的自助餐廳非常宜人，通風(fēng)也非常良好，這里還有巨大的窗戶，窗外綠意盎然。不過(guò)，餐廳的飯菜就沒(méi)這么令人愉悅了。

英國(guó)：秘密情報(bào)局

或許沒(méi)有哪個(gè)間諜機(jī)構(gòu)的總部比秘密情報(bào)局大樓更容易辨認(rèn)的了，它是英國(guó)秘密情報(bào)局（或稱為軍情六處）的總部。該大樓不僅位于倫敦市正中心，而且曾在六部詹姆斯·邦德系列電影中出現(xiàn)過(guò)，在其中兩部中還被炸毀了。大樓由建筑師特里·法雷爾設(shè)計(jì)，被人們比作巴比倫塔廟和發(fā)電廠的結(jié)合體。它建得像一個(gè)名副其實(shí)的堡壘，能抵御炸彈襲擊。據(jù)報(bào)道，大樓還有廣闊的地下區(qū)域。

大樓還曾動(dòng)用其防御工事。2000年9月，疑似來(lái)自真愛(ài)爾蘭共和軍——從愛(ài)爾蘭準(zhǔn)軍事組織中分裂出來(lái)的一個(gè)派別——的武裝分子向大樓的八層發(fā)射了一枚火箭推進(jìn)榴彈，未造成人員傷亡。據(jù)稱，當(dāng)時(shí)火箭彈從大樓的玻璃窗上彈開(kāi)了，這就證明了大樓有多么固若金湯。

俄羅斯：聯(lián)邦安全局

盧比揚(yáng)卡大廈是一座新巴洛克風(fēng)格的黃色大樓，是俄羅斯的前間諜總部。即便現(xiàn)在總部的大部分辦公地點(diǎn)已經(jīng)遷至他處，但盧比揚(yáng)卡大廈仍是俄羅斯機(jī)密的最知名象征。該大廈始建于1897年，在成為令人聞風(fēng)喪膽的前蘇聯(lián)間諜機(jī)構(gòu)克格勃的總部之前，它曾是一家保險(xiǎn)公司的所在地，后來(lái)斯大林對(duì)其進(jìn)行了改造。（大廈的地下室設(shè)有一座克格勃監(jiān)獄）。在前蘇聯(lián)解體后，該大廈被移交給了克格勃的后繼機(jī)構(gòu)——聯(lián)邦安全局。

據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全分析師杰弗里·卡爾所著的《網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)內(nèi)幕：揭秘網(wǎng)絡(luò)黑社會(huì)》一書(shū)稱，如今這棟大樓內(nèi)設(shè)有聯(lián)邦安全局的通信安全中心（負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)控俄羅斯政府的計(jì)算機(jī)安全系統(tǒng)并為其加密）和國(guó)家秘密許可、認(rèn)證與保護(hù)中心（負(fù)責(zé)處理加密和監(jiān)控技術(shù)的出口許可）。2010年，在這棟大樓附近也發(fā)生了兩起自殺性爆炸襲擊——其中一起爆炸發(fā)生在附近的盧比揚(yáng)卡地鐵站。

以色列：摩薩德

以色列情報(bào)和特殊使命局，即全世界聞名的摩薩德，是最難定位的間諜機(jī)構(gòu)之一。在以色列，這是一個(gè)諱莫如深的國(guó)家秘密，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的一些業(yè)余偵探曾試圖確認(rèn)其總部位置，卻都弄錯(cuò)了。但也有一些跡象表明，其位置已經(jīng)被弄清。1987年，一個(gè)疑似前摩薩德特工的人聲稱，他已經(jīng)透露了摩薩德的位置——在名為格里勞特交叉口的一處公路路口。記者帕特里克·泰勒2012年出版了《堡壘之國(guó)以色列》一書(shū)，他在書(shū)中將摩薩德總部描述為在一個(gè)“有著低矮辦公樓的半遮半掩的大院里，夾在格里勞特公路交叉口、影城以及購(gòu)物中心之間。”上圖中的建筑物似乎符合書(shū)中的位置和描述，而且圖片上方的建筑的確是一個(gè)影城，只是無(wú)法確定這里是否真的是摩薩德。

德國(guó)：聯(lián)邦情報(bào)局

德國(guó)的主要間諜機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)邦情報(bào)局（在德語(yǔ)中被稱為Bundesnachrichtendienst，簡(jiǎn)稱BND）為其漂亮的新總部而自豪。美國(guó)廣播公司曾報(bào)道，該總部一旦在2014年投入使用，將“成為世界上技術(shù)最尖端的建筑之一”。聯(lián)邦情報(bào)局位于柏林，距離德國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)大廈只有幾步之遙，其原址是前東德足球場(chǎng)。聯(lián)邦情報(bào)局甚至開(kāi)始在網(wǎng)上炫耀它那用“天然石材、砂漿、清水混凝土、磚或金屬”建成的大樓外觀。大樓可以容納四千名員工，還用怪異的涂抹藝術(shù)進(jìn)行裝飾。

不過(guò)，該總部設(shè)計(jì)方案的公開(kāi)程度或許比德國(guó)人希望的要高。2011年7月，慕尼黑的新聞雜志《焦點(diǎn)》報(bào)道稱，這棟大樓的設(shè)計(jì)藍(lán)圖在施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)被盜了。據(jù)《焦點(diǎn)》稱，藍(lán)圖包括“每個(gè)房間的確切功能，每堵墻壁的厚度，每個(gè)衛(wèi)生間、每個(gè)緊急出口以及每個(gè)安全檢查站的確切位置。”失竊事故并未終結(jié)德國(guó)政府的施工計(jì)劃，但據(jù)稱此事迫使德國(guó)政府斥資約18億美元對(duì)樓內(nèi)重新進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。

法國(guó)：對(duì)外安全總局

這處由圍墻環(huán)繞的區(qū)域并不突出——因?yàn)樗荒芴@眼。如果你忽略插滿尖刺的高墻和高聳的探測(cè)塔，那么這里就是一處平常、不起眼的建筑群。法國(guó)對(duì)外安全總局的總部坐落于巴黎市區(qū)的東部邊緣，該機(jī)構(gòu)主要負(fù)責(zé)法國(guó)的海外情報(bào)工作。其總部也被戲稱為“游泳池”，因?yàn)樗拷▏?guó)游泳聯(lián)合會(huì)使用的一處設(shè)施，谷歌地圖甚至對(duì)其衛(wèi)星照片進(jìn)行了模糊處理。

1.utilitarian [ju??t?l??te?ri?n] adj. （物體、建筑等）實(shí)用的

2.complex [?k?mpleks] n. 建筑群

3.sterile [?stera?l] adj. 枯燥乏味的；缺少想象力、創(chuàng)造力或生氣的

4.take one’s cue from：學(xué)……的樣；從……處得到暗示

5.penchant [?pent??nt] n. 特別的喜好，傾向

6.knick-knack [?n?k?n?k] n. 小裝飾品；小擺設(shè)

7.chunk [t???k] n. 大塊

8.memorabilia [?mem（?）r??b?li?] n. 值得紀(jì)念的事物，紀(jì)念品

9.cafeteria [?k?f??t??ri?] n. 自助餐廳

10.encrypt [?n?kr?pt] vt. 把……加密

11.smack-dab：恰好，不偏不倚地

12.ziggurat [?z?g?r?t] n. （古代亞述和巴比倫人的）金字形神塔

13.splinter [?spl?nt?（r）] n. （因意見(jiàn)不和從大的團(tuán)體中分裂出來(lái)的）小派別

14.cryptographic [kr?p?t?ɡr?fik] adj. 使用密碼的

15.surveillance [s?（r）?ve?l?ns] n. 監(jiān)視，監(jiān)督

16.sleuth [slu?θ] n. 偵探

17.low-slung：建得很低的；矮的

18.cineplex [?s?n?pleks] n. 多觀眾廳電影院

19.spiffy [?sp?fi] adj. 好看的，漂亮的

20.facade [f??sɑ?d] n. 表面，外觀

21.blob [bl?b] n. （顏料的）一抹，（顏料濺污的）斑點(diǎn)

22.compound [?k?mpa?nd] n. 作特定用途的圍地

23.proximity [pr?k?s?m?ti] n. 接近，鄰近

24.blur [bl??（r）] vt. 把（界線、視線等）弄得模糊不清