在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)課本里,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)something一詞的不同用法。此詞雖然為大家熟知,但你知道它的特殊用法嗎? 你能準(zhǔn)確地將其翻譯成漢語(yǔ)嗎?
1. something用作代詞
1)表示具體的物??蓪⑵渥g為“聊以自慰的事”、“有價(jià)值的事物”、“某種令人不快的事情”或“一些吃的喝的東西”等。如:
A. They seemed to be eating something which they had cooked on the fire.
B. There is something that shines,perhaps bayonets.
C. I’m sure she has something you can borrow.
稍加分析,便不難發(fā)現(xiàn)A、B、C三句中的something指的是具體的物,但其區(qū)別也較明顯。A句中的something系看不清或看不懂的物,此物在“不知”之列。something的這種用法極為普遍。句B中的something似知非知,沒(méi)有把握,但又可猜測(cè),此物在“半知”之列。句C中的something不同于A、B兩句,它是已知的,這里的something指的就是上文中的某物。對(duì)于已知的物,用something也不罕見(jiàn),它可以避免重復(fù),使行文簡(jiǎn)潔。
2)表示抽象的物,甚至是一種概念。如:
Doing something by halves,is to do something partially or incompletely. 做事半途而廢,就是做某件事只做一部分,不做完。
There’s something behind this news.這個(gè)消息的背后有內(nèi)容。
In 1898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature which gave out radioactivity. 1898年他們宣布,他們相信自然界存在著某種能發(fā)出射線的東西。
3)表示各類(lèi)事情。如:
The battle won’t be won until everyone knows how serious the pollution is, and does something to stop it.直到人人都知道污染的嚴(yán)重性,斗爭(zhēng)才會(huì)勝利,人們也才會(huì)采取措施來(lái)阻止污染。
He said he was fed up with resting at home and wanted to do something useful.他說(shuō)他厭倦待在家里休息,想去做一些有用的事情。
4)表示各種感覺(jué)。它可以是一種心態(tài),也可以是某種人體感覺(jué)。如:
Something tells me she won’t be pleased. 我有預(yù)感,她是不會(huì)滿意的。
Something choked me,and I could not finish the sentence. 我感到哽咽,無(wú)法說(shuō)下去。
5)表示表情。如:
Something in the doctor’s eyes told me he meant what he said.醫(yī)生眼中的神情告訴我他說(shuō)話算數(shù)。
I always found something which I could not fully understand in her smile.我總是發(fā)現(xiàn)她的笑容里有種我不能完全理解的東西。
6)表示人(常指有一定影響或地位的人)。如:
He is a lawyer or something.他是個(gè)律師或是個(gè)人物。
He is something in that company.他是那家公司的重要人物。
2. something的名詞用法
我們知道,some用作形容詞時(shí),常有贊許和推崇的口吻。如:
That was some speech you made!
It was(quite)some party!
故而,something有時(shí)也含有這種口吻,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞(somebody),但something的漢譯則因句而異,褒貶不一??勺g為“重要的人物”、“重要的事物”。如上面的例句He is something in that company. (他是那家公司頗有地位的人。)
又如:
He used to think something of himself.他過(guò)去總是自視過(guò)高。
something 用作名詞時(shí),還可譯為“少量”、“一些”、“部分”等。如:
They make up something like two?鄄thirds of the population. 他們占了差不多三分之二的人口。
3. something +形容詞的一個(gè)作用
眾所周知,修飾something的形容詞是后置的。試比較下列三組句子:
A. Do you find the story unbelievable?你發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)故事不可信嗎?
B. Do you find something unbelievable in his story?你覺(jué)得這個(gè)故事有點(diǎn)不可信嗎?
A. The sentence is wrong.本句錯(cuò)了。
B. There is something wrong with the sentence. 本句有點(diǎn)錯(cuò)。
A. He is trying the impossible.他在嘗試不可能的事。
B. He is trying something impossible. 他在嘗試某些不可能的事。
以上三組句中的A句與B句含義大同小異,但A句感情直露,措辭坦率。B句雖是直言,其語(yǔ)氣較為委婉,表達(dá)更趨精當(dāng),也更讓人接受。
4. “something + 動(dòng)詞不定式to do”用以表示“與……有關(guān)”
不論有無(wú)把握,都可以用something to do。
I’m sure he has something to do with insurance.我肯定他與保險(xiǎn)有關(guān)。
—What is a “cam”? cam是什么?
—I don’t quite know. I think it has something to do with the machinery.我不十分清楚,我想它與機(jī)械有關(guān)。
5. something用作副詞
這時(shí),something常與介詞like合用,可譯為“幾分(像)”、“有點(diǎn)(像)”、“稍微”、“大約”。如:
The building looked something like a church.大樓看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)像個(gè)教堂。
There are something like 1,000 people present.大約有一千人在場(chǎng)。
It must be something like six o’clock.一定是六點(diǎn)鐘左右。
something作副詞時(shí),相當(dāng)于rather或a bit,在口語(yǔ)中加以運(yùn)用,可避免武斷的口吻,增加一點(diǎn)委婉的色彩。
[練一練:翻譯下列各句]
1. It’s something to have a job at all these days.
2. She must be up to something.
3. A little something with his meals was an absolute necessity to him.
4. You can’t get something for nothing.
5. Our train gets in at two something.
6. She acts as if she were something since she won the prize.
7. These paintings were really something.
8. It is customary to give something to the porter.
9. The book cost something over £3.
10. The building looks something like a church.
Key:
1. 現(xiàn)在能找到一份工作就算不錯(cuò)了。(something指:聊以自慰的事)
2. 她一定在搞什么鬼花招。(something指:某種令人不快的事情)
3. 就餐時(shí)少許喝點(diǎn)酒對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是絕不可少的。(something指:一些吃的喝的東西)
4. 你不可能不花力氣坐享其成。(something指:實(shí)有之物)
5. 我們的這班火車(chē)2點(diǎn)多到達(dá)。 (something指:模糊的概念)
6. 自從獲獎(jiǎng)以來(lái),她就表現(xiàn)得自命不凡了。 (something指:重要的人物)
7. 這些畫(huà)確實(shí)出色。(something指:重要的事物)
8. 給搬行李的服務(wù)員一點(diǎn)兒賞錢(qián)是個(gè)慣例。(something表示:少量)
9. 這本書(shū)定價(jià)3英鎊多一點(diǎn)。(something表示:稍微)
10. 這棟建筑物看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)像教堂。(something表示:有點(diǎn)像)
編輯/梁宇清