楊延杰，王曉偉，趙 康，陳 寧，林 多

(青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝學(xué)院， 青島 266109)

鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜種子萌發(fā)、幼苗葉片膜脂過(guò)氧化及滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)的影響

楊延杰，王曉偉，趙 康，陳 寧，林 多*

(青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝學(xué)院， 青島 266109)

華北地區(qū)是我國(guó)玉米的主產(chǎn)區(qū)，玉米秸稈還田不僅可有效改善土壤理化性狀、提高土壤生物有效性，還會(huì)在腐解過(guò)程中釋放出目前公認(rèn)的化感物質(zhì)——酚酸類物質(zhì)，鄰苯二甲酸是玉米秸稈腐解液中的主要酚酸類物質(zhì)。從玉米秸稈還田過(guò)程中主要腐解產(chǎn)物(鄰苯二甲酸)對(duì)蔬菜作物的化感效應(yīng)角度進(jìn)行了研究，為量化秸稈還田量及構(gòu)建糧-菜輪作制度探尋化感效應(yīng)依據(jù)。試驗(yàn)以蘿卜為蔬菜材料，通過(guò)配置4個(gè)濃度(0.05、0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol/L)的鄰苯二甲酸溶液，模擬玉米秸稈還田條件，以清水為對(duì)照，研究主要腐解產(chǎn)物鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜種子萌發(fā)、幼苗生長(zhǎng)、膜脂過(guò)氧化作用及滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明：(1)蘿卜不同生育期對(duì)鄰苯二甲酸化感效應(yīng)的響應(yīng)程度不同。在0.05—1 mmol/L濃度范圍內(nèi)，鄰苯二甲酸處理促進(jìn)了蘿卜種子萌發(fā)，但隨著處理濃度的增大，促進(jìn)作用減弱；濃度達(dá)到2 mmol/L時(shí)對(duì)蘿卜種子萌發(fā)具有抑制效果。(2)鄰苯二甲酸0.05mmol/L處理，促進(jìn)了蘿卜幼苗干鮮物質(zhì)積累，幼苗根系生長(zhǎng)，其中根系長(zhǎng)度和根系表面積分別比對(duì)照提高42.03%、38.36%，顯著高于清水對(duì)照；植株體內(nèi)超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性增大，過(guò)氧化物酶(Peroxidase, POD)、過(guò)氧化氫酶(Catalase, CAT)活性降低，膜脂過(guò)氧化產(chǎn)物丙二醛(Malonaldehyde, MDA)含量與對(duì)照無(wú)顯著差異。(3)當(dāng)鄰苯二甲酸濃度超過(guò)0.5 mmol/L時(shí)，蘿卜幼苗脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化傷害加劇，體內(nèi)MDA含量急劇增加，代謝與生理功能出現(xiàn)紊亂，正常生長(zhǎng)及干鮮物質(zhì)積累受到顯著抑制。鄰苯二甲酸濃度達(dá)到2 mmol/L時(shí)，葉片數(shù)較對(duì)照降低了36.51%；根系長(zhǎng)度、根系表面積及根尖數(shù)降幅分別為64.46%、40.20%、41.28%。(4)對(duì)于滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)的影響，鄰苯二甲酸處理促進(jìn)了蘿卜幼苗葉片可溶性糖含量的增加，但隨著處理濃度的升高其促進(jìn)作用逐漸減弱；可溶性蛋白含量隨著鄰苯二甲酸處理濃度的升高表現(xiàn)出逐漸減少的趨勢(shì)，分別較對(duì)照降低了12.82%、14.88%、21.58%、24.73%。因此，華北地區(qū)實(shí)施玉米-蘿卜輪作模式，從化感效應(yīng)角度研究玉米秸稈量化還田，應(yīng)將土壤中鄰苯二甲酸濃度控制在0.5 mmol/L范圍以內(nèi)，以防止鄰苯二甲酸濃度過(guò)高對(duì)蘿卜幼苗生長(zhǎng)的抑制作用。

玉米秸稈還田；化感物質(zhì)；蘿卜；種子萌發(fā)；膜脂過(guò)氧化；滲透調(diào)節(jié)

近年來(lái)，隨著循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展，以秸稈還田為主的農(nóng)田生物培肥措施逐漸受到重視[1]。進(jìn)行秸稈還田，可以有效改善土壤理化性狀、提高土壤生物有效性、減輕土傳病害并促進(jìn)作物增產(chǎn)[2- 5]。然而，還田秸稈在土壤中還會(huì)分解釋放出化感物質(zhì)，當(dāng)其不斷積累并達(dá)到一定濃度后，會(huì)對(duì)下茬作物種子萌發(fā)、幼苗生長(zhǎng)及根系吸收等產(chǎn)生抑制[6- 8]。李彥斌等[9]研究表明，隨著棉花秸稈還田量的增多和秸稈腐解時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)，棉花植株單葉凈光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、蒸騰速率及胞間CO2濃度等顯著降低，植株體內(nèi)抗氧化物酶活性顯著下降。作物化感效應(yīng)的強(qiáng)弱主要取決于土壤中秸稈還田量的多少、不同秸稈的自身成分、腐解過(guò)程和特點(diǎn)[10]。

酚酸類物質(zhì)是目前公認(rèn)的化感物質(zhì)[11- 12]，鄰苯二甲酸是玉米秸稈腐解液中含量較高的酚酸類物質(zhì)之一[13- 14]。已有研究指出，鄰苯二甲酸能夠抑制茄子根際黃萎菌的增殖，對(duì)茄子、黃瓜、辣椒種子萌發(fā)及幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響表現(xiàn)為“低促高抑”[15- 17]；另外，高濃度鄰苯二甲酸還能夠引起番茄幼苗根系膜脂過(guò)氧化，導(dǎo)致幼苗光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度及蒸騰速率下降，同時(shí)抑制幼苗生物量的增加[18- 19]。

華北地區(qū)作為我國(guó)玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū)，每年都會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量玉米秸稈[20]。目前，關(guān)于玉米秸稈還田的研究主要集中在還田耕作方式、秸稈腐解特點(diǎn)、秸稈還田后土壤質(zhì)量和微生物生物量變化及對(duì)下茬糧食作物生長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)影響等方面[21- 23]，而關(guān)于從化感角度研究玉米秸稈還田量及其對(duì)下茬蔬菜生長(zhǎng)影響方面的研究鮮有報(bào)道。為此，本試驗(yàn)以蘿卜為蔬菜試材，通過(guò)配置不同濃度鄰苯二甲酸，模擬玉米秸稈還田條件下主要腐解產(chǎn)物鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜種子萌發(fā)及幼苗生長(zhǎng)的化感效應(yīng)，旨在為華北地區(qū)秸稈還田量化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定及糧-菜輪作制度的構(gòu)建，實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，提供化感理論依據(jù)。

1 材料與方法

1.1 試驗(yàn)材料

試驗(yàn)于2012年4月至5月在青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)連棟育苗溫室內(nèi)進(jìn)行，供試蘿卜(RaphanussativusL.)品種為‘濰縣青’(山東麗林公司生產(chǎn))；鄰苯二甲酸為分析純(國(guó)藥集團(tuán)化學(xué)試劑有限公司)，共設(shè)4個(gè)濃度處理，分別為T1 0.05 mmol/L、T2 0.5 mmol/L、T3 1.0 mmol/L、T4 2.0 mmol/L，以清水為對(duì)照(CK)。

1.2 種子發(fā)芽試驗(yàn)

在鋪有兩層定性濾紙的潔凈培養(yǎng)皿中(直徑10 cm)放入均勻飽滿的受體蘿卜種子50粒，然后將5 mL不同處理溶液注入相應(yīng)培養(yǎng)皿床，重復(fù)3次。將培養(yǎng)皿放入25℃的恒溫培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)，期間分別用相應(yīng)溶液對(duì)濾紙進(jìn)行濕潤(rùn)以保持其濕度。每天定時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)種子發(fā)芽數(shù)，直到?jīng)]有種子發(fā)芽為止。種子發(fā)芽率采用公式：已發(fā)芽的種子數(shù)÷總數(shù)×100%計(jì)算。

1.3 幼苗生長(zhǎng)試驗(yàn)

用不同處理溶液對(duì)蘿卜種子進(jìn)行催芽處理(方法同種子發(fā)芽試驗(yàn))，4月15日選取發(fā)芽勢(shì)一致的種子將其播種于72孔穴盤中，育苗基質(zhì)配比為草炭∶珍珠巖∶蛭石=2∶1∶1，每處理1盤，3次重復(fù)，完全隨機(jī)排列。各處理日常澆水以相應(yīng)鄰苯二甲酸溶液代替，其它同常規(guī)育苗管理。

播種后20d每處理隨機(jī)取15株幼苗洗凈，采用常規(guī)方法測(cè)定幼苗葉片數(shù)、地上部干鮮質(zhì)量及根系干鮮質(zhì)量，用Epson Perfection V700 Photo 根系掃描儀對(duì)根系進(jìn)行掃描，Win RHIZO根系分析儀進(jìn)行根系分析，分析指標(biāo)包括根長(zhǎng)、根系表面積及根尖數(shù)。SOD活性采用氮藍(lán)四唑法測(cè)定[24]；POD活性采用愈創(chuàng)木酚法測(cè)定[24]；CAT活性采用紫外吸收法測(cè)定[24]；MDA含量采用硫代巴比妥酸法測(cè)定[24]；可溶性糖含量采用蒽酮比色法測(cè)定[24]；可溶性蛋白含量采用考馬斯亮藍(lán)G- 250染色法測(cè)定[24]。

1.4 數(shù)據(jù)分析

試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)采用Microsoft Excel、Origin(Version 7.0)和DPS(7.05)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析及作圖，差異顯著性比較采用最小顯著極差法(LSD法)。

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜種子萌發(fā)率的影響

圖1 鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜種子萌發(fā)率的影響 Fig.1 Effect of phthalic acid on seed germination rate of radishCK: 0 mmol/L; T1: 0.05 mmol/L; T2: 0. 5 mmol/L; T3: 1 mmol/L; T4: 2 mmol/L

如圖1所示，在0.05—1 mmol/L濃度范圍內(nèi)，鄰苯二甲酸處理促進(jìn)了蘿卜種子的萌發(fā)，但隨著處理濃度的增大，促進(jìn)作用減弱。蘿卜種子發(fā)芽率在鄰苯二甲酸處理濃度為0.05 mmol/L時(shí)達(dá)到峰值，為89%，比對(duì)照高出5.95%；與對(duì)照相比，2 mmol/L的鄰苯二甲酸處理抑制了蘿卜種子萌發(fā)，發(fā)芽率僅為83%。

2.2 鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響

從表1可以看出，與對(duì)照相比，0.05 mmol/L的鄰苯二甲酸處理雖未對(duì)蘿卜幼苗地上部生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生顯著影響，卻顯著促進(jìn)了幼苗根系生長(zhǎng)。其中，根系長(zhǎng)度、根系表面積及根尖數(shù)分別較對(duì)照高出了42.03%、38.36%、28.02%；幼苗地上部干鮮質(zhì)量及根系干質(zhì)量也在不同程度上有所增加。鄰苯二甲酸處理濃度超過(guò)0.5 mmol/L，蘿卜幼苗生長(zhǎng)及物質(zhì)積累受到顯著抑制，且鄰苯二甲酸濃度越大，抑制幅度越大。當(dāng)濃度達(dá)到2 mmol/L時(shí)，葉片數(shù)較對(duì)照降低了36.51%；根系長(zhǎng)度、根系表面積及根尖數(shù)降幅分別為64.46%、40.20%、41.28%。

表1 鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜幼苗生長(zhǎng)狀況的影響

同列不同小寫字母表示不同處理間差異顯著(Plt;0.05)

2.3 鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜幼苗葉片膜脂過(guò)氧化的影響

由圖2可見(jiàn)，不同濃度鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜幼苗膜脂過(guò)氧化的影響存在較大差異性。各處理幼苗SOD活性不同程度的有所增強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)幅度隨著濃度的增加而增大。不同濃度鄰苯二甲酸處理均抑制了幼苗POD及CAT活性，隨著處理濃度的增加，均表現(xiàn)出先增強(qiáng)后減弱的趨勢(shì)，其中POD活性峰值為0.5 mmol/L，而CAT活性峰值為1 mmol/L。與對(duì)照相比，0.05—0.5 mmol/L濃度范圍內(nèi)的幼苗MDA合成量有所減少，當(dāng)濃度超過(guò)0.5 mmol/L時(shí)，MDA合成量又逐漸增加(圖2)。

圖2 鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜幼苗SOD、POD、CAT活性及MDA含量的影響Fig.2 Effect of phthalic acid on SOD, POD, CAT activity and MDA content of radish seedlings

2.4 鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜幼苗葉片滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)的影響

不同濃度鄰苯二甲酸處理均促進(jìn)了蘿卜幼苗葉片可溶性糖含量的增加，但隨著濃度的升高，其促進(jìn)作用逐漸減弱，其中，0.5 mmol/L鄰苯二甲酸處理的幼苗葉片可溶性糖含量最高，比對(duì)照高出80.10%。蘿卜幼苗可溶性蛋白含量隨著鄰苯二甲酸濃度的增大呈現(xiàn)出逐漸降低的趨勢(shì)(圖3)，蘿卜幼苗可溶性蛋白含量分別較對(duì)照低了12.82%、14.88%、21.58%、24.73%。

圖3 鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜幼苗滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)的影響Fig.3 Effect of phthalic acid on osmoregulation substance of radish seedlings

3 討論

根系是植物水分和養(yǎng)分吸收、多種激素及氨基酸合成的重要器官，其發(fā)育好壞決定著植株利用土壤養(yǎng)分及水分能力的高低[25]，植株幼苗干鮮重不僅能夠反映根系吸收水分及幼苗通過(guò)光合作用積累光合產(chǎn)物的多少，而且對(duì)外界環(huán)境脅迫較為敏感，因而常用于生物測(cè)定的指標(biāo)[26]。植株在正常情況下，體內(nèi)活性氧產(chǎn)生與清除處于動(dòng)態(tài)平衡狀態(tài)，SOD、POD、CAT是植物細(xì)胞中清除活性氧，保護(hù)細(xì)胞的重要酶系統(tǒng)[27- 38]，MDA作為膜脂過(guò)氧化的最終分解產(chǎn)物，其含量可以反映植物遭受逆境傷害的程度[29]。本研究結(jié)果表明，0.05—1 mmol/L的鄰苯二甲酸處理促進(jìn)了蘿卜種子的萌發(fā)，但隨著處理濃度的增大，促進(jìn)作用減弱(圖1)；濃度達(dá)到2 mmol/L時(shí)，種子萌發(fā)受到抑制。蘿卜幼苗經(jīng)0.05 mmol/L鄰苯二甲酸處理，SOD活性增強(qiáng)，POD、CAT活性有所減弱，MDA合成量與對(duì)照基本持平，說(shuō)明0.05 mmol/L的鄰苯二甲酸脅迫，幼苗體內(nèi)自由基能及時(shí)得到清除，不但未對(duì)蘿卜幼苗產(chǎn)生明顯傷害，反而促進(jìn)了幼苗生長(zhǎng)及干鮮物質(zhì)積累，根系表面積也顯著增加(表1)。當(dāng)鄰苯二甲酸濃度超過(guò)0.5 mmol/L時(shí)，SOD、POD、CAT不足以清除幼苗體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的氧自由基，造成脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化傷害加劇，膜的透性加強(qiáng)，MDA合成量急劇增加，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致幼苗生長(zhǎng)代謝及生理功能出現(xiàn)紊亂，幼苗生長(zhǎng)及干鮮物質(zhì)積累受到顯著抑制。另外，SOD、POD、CAT作為細(xì)胞保護(hù)酶，在相同處理方式下表現(xiàn)出的變化趨勢(shì)卻不相同，說(shuō)明鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜幼苗不同酶活性的影響不同。這與前人在番茄[19]、萵苣[30]等作物上的研究結(jié)果一致。

酚酸脅迫條件下，植物細(xì)胞會(huì)通過(guò)積累滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)(如可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等)，以調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞內(nèi)滲透勢(shì)、維持水分平衡及細(xì)胞膜正常結(jié)構(gòu)[31]。本試驗(yàn)中，鄰苯二甲酸處理均促進(jìn)了蘿卜幼苗葉片可溶性糖含量的增加，并且隨著濃度的升高其促進(jìn)作用逐漸減弱。而葉片可溶性蛋白含量變化則相反，表現(xiàn)為隨著鄰苯二甲酸濃度的增大，可溶性蛋白含量逐漸降低，造成這一結(jié)果的原因可能是由于蛋白質(zhì)相對(duì)合成速率減小，現(xiàn)有可溶性蛋白質(zhì)大量分解為游離氨基酸，用于調(diào)節(jié)滲透壓并提供代謝能源，從而造成可溶性蛋白含量降低[32- 33]。本試驗(yàn)中，鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜種子萌發(fā)及幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響存在較大差異性，可能是由于蘿卜不同生育時(shí)期對(duì)鄰苯二甲酸感應(yīng)程度不同造成，這與前人研究酚酸類物質(zhì)對(duì)苜蓿種子萌發(fā)及幼苗生長(zhǎng)影響結(jié)論一致[26]。

鄰苯二甲酸作為玉米根系分泌的主要次生代謝產(chǎn)物和還田玉米秸稈產(chǎn)生的主要酚酸類物質(zhì)[34]，隨著其在土壤中的不斷積累，達(dá)到一定量時(shí)就可產(chǎn)生化感效應(yīng)，對(duì)下茬作物生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生影響[9,35]。張承胤等[14]通過(guò)室內(nèi)模擬玉米秸稈腐解試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，腐解7—28 d時(shí)玉米秸稈腐解液中酚酸物質(zhì)含量相繼達(dá)到最大值，其中腐解7 d時(shí)鄰苯二甲酸含量在各類酚酸物質(zhì)中所占比例最大，為0.46 mmol/L。鄭皓皓等[36]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每公頃進(jìn)行7500 kg小麥秸稈還田，在翻埋后40 d左右酚酸產(chǎn)生總量達(dá)到高峰期，且達(dá)到對(duì)下茬玉米生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生抑制的含量。武際等[3]研究指出，小麥秸稈還田0 d至30 d為快速腐解期，之后腐解速率逐漸放緩，并且節(jié)水灌溉模式下的小麥秸稈腐解速率要高于常規(guī)栽培模式。南雄雄等[10]研究指出，相同條件下，玉米秸稈比小麥秸稈更容易腐解。可以看出，不同時(shí)期不同條件下還田秸稈腐解量及酚酸物質(zhì)含量存在較大差異性。本試驗(yàn)?zāi)M玉米秸稈還田條件下，主要酚酸類物質(zhì)(鄰苯二甲酸)對(duì)蘿卜種子萌發(fā)、幼苗生長(zhǎng)、葉片膜脂過(guò)氧化及滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)的影響，而關(guān)于還田玉米秸稈引起土壤肥力提升所帶來(lái)的正效應(yīng)與鄰苯二甲酸濃度升高對(duì)蘿卜品質(zhì)及產(chǎn)量所帶來(lái)的負(fù)效應(yīng)(酚酸毒害)之間的強(qiáng)弱關(guān)系如何還有待于進(jìn)一步研究。

華北地區(qū)實(shí)施玉米-蘿卜這種糧菜輪作模式，從化感效應(yīng)角度，在秸稈還田時(shí)應(yīng)控制還田量，將土壤中鄰苯二甲酸濃度控制在0.5 mmol/L范圍以內(nèi)，以防止鄰苯二甲酸濃度過(guò)高對(duì)蘿卜幼苗生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生抑制作用。

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Effectsofphthalicacidonseedgermination,membranelipidperoxidationandosmoregulationsubstanceofradishseedlings

YANG Yanjie, WANG Xiaowei, ZHAO Kang, CHEN Ning, LIN Duo*

HorticulturalCollege,QingdaoAgriculturalUniversity,Qingdao266109,China

The return of maize straw back to the soil is one way to achieve sustainable development in agriculture in North China, one of the major maize producing areas. This method can not only improve the soil′s physical, chemical and effective bioavailability properties but also release phenolic acids recognized as allelochemicals during the decomposition process of maize straw. Phthalic acid is one of the phenolic acid decomposition products. In order to provide the basis of allelopathic effects to quantify the amount of maize straw to the field and to aid the construction of Vegetable-Maize rotation systems, the allelopathic effects of the main maize straw decomposition product (phthalic acid) on the vegetable crop used for follow-up cultivation were studied. In order to simulate the condition of maize straw returned to the field, the effects of different concentrations(0.05、0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol/L)of phthalic acid on the seed germination, seedling growth, membrane lipid peroxidation and osmoregulation substance of radish (RaphanussativusL.) were studied in this paper, using distilled water as a control. The results showed that: (1) The degree of the allelopathy response of radish to phthalic acid was different at different growth stages. In the concentration range of 0.05—1 mmol/L, phthalic acid promoted the seed germination of radish, but the effect gradually decreased with an increased concentration of phthalic acid. When the concentration reached 2.0 mmol/L, phthalic acid had an inhibitory effect on the radish seeds′germination. (2) Phthalic acid, with 0.05 mmol/L treatment, promoted fresh biomass, dry matter accumulation and root growth of radish seedlings. The root length and root surface area of radish were significantly increased by 42.03% and 38.36%, respectively, when compared to those of the control. Compared with the control, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased, but activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) decreased in the radish seedlings. There were no significant differences in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content between the treated and control radish seedlings. (3) When the concentration of phthalic acid was higher than 0.5mmol/L, the degree of damage to the membrane lipid peroxidation of the radish seedlings increased and MDA contents sharply increased. Metabolic and physiological function disorder was found, and the plant growth and matter accumulation of radish seedlings were significantly inhibited. When the concentration of phthalic acid was 2 mmol/L, leaf and root tip numbers, root length and root surface area of the radish reduced by 36.51%, 41.28%, 64.46% and 40.20%, respectively, when compared with the control. (4) The influence on osmotic adjustment substance showed that phthalic acid with different concentrations in the four treatments all promoted the accumulation of soluble sugar content in radish seedling leaves, but the promotion effect gradually decreased with an increased concentration of phthalic acid. With an increasing concentration of phthalic acid, the soluble protein content gradually decreased by 12.82%, 14.88%, 21.58% and 24.73%, over the four treatments, respectively, when compared to the control. If only considering the allelopathic effects to ensure the best implementation of Maize-Vegetable rotation and quantization of returning maize straw to the field in North China, the phthalic acid concentration should be less than 0.5mmol/L to prevent the negative influences of high concentrations of phthalic acid on the growth of radish seedlings.

maize straw returning to soil; allelochemicals; radish; seed germination; membrane lipid peroxidation; osmoregulation substance

國(guó)家“十二五”科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2011BAD12B03)；國(guó)家公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(201103001)；山東省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系集約化育苗崗位專家資助項(xiàng)目(66210Y8)；山東省農(nóng)業(yè)重大應(yīng)用技術(shù)創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(66211W2)

2013- 04- 26;

2013- 07- 15

*通訊作者Corresponding author.E-mail: linduo73@163.com

10.5846/stxb201304260826

楊延杰，王曉偉，趙康，陳寧，林多.鄰苯二甲酸對(duì)蘿卜種子萌發(fā)、幼苗葉片膜脂過(guò)氧化及滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)的影響.生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào),2013,33(19):6074- 6080.

Yang Y J, Wang X W, Zhao K, Chen N, Lin D.Effects of phthalic acid on seed germination, membrane lipid peroxidation and osmoregulation substance of radish seedlings.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(19):6074- 6080.