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甘肅省天水市秦州區(qū)汪川中學(xué) 黃愛(ài)花
高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作評(píng)分原則第五條有這樣一句話:“拼寫(xiě)與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語(yǔ)言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)性的一方面,評(píng)分時(shí),要視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮”。其中提到標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。說(shuō)明標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是一項(xiàng)重要的要求。其實(shí)英語(yǔ)中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在意義和用法與漢語(yǔ)一樣 (逗號(hào)表示一句話中的停頓,句號(hào)表示一句話的完成)。但是在平時(shí)的作業(yè)或考試中會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多錯(cuò)誤,有的學(xué)生寫(xiě)作文時(shí)沒(méi)有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào);有的全篇是逗號(hào);有的全篇是句號(hào)。這說(shuō)明他們的表達(dá)不明確,甚至錯(cuò)誤。他們還沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成在英語(yǔ)中正確運(yùn)用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的習(xí)慣。
—He stood there,smiling.
—He stood there and smiled.
前一句中有逗號(hào),動(dòng)詞smile運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。后一句應(yīng)用and并列連詞smile變成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞smiled。
—He stood up,helped by his slavers.
—He stood up and was helped by his slavers.
前一句中有豆號(hào),動(dòng)詞help運(yùn)用了過(guò)去分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。后一句應(yīng)用and并列連詞,動(dòng)詞help變成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was helped。
—He has three daughters,one of whom is a teacher.
—He has three daughters and one of them is a teacher.
前一句是定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用了逗號(hào)。句中運(yùn)用了關(guān)系代詞whom。而后一句運(yùn)用了并列連詞and,one of中運(yùn)用代詞的賓格them。
(2011 全國(guó)卷)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shorts,_____is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A.this B.It C.that D.which
首先根據(jù)句子的意思判斷,該句為定語(yǔ)從句,排除A,C選項(xiàng)。再根據(jù)空前的逗號(hào)可知。該句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,排除B選項(xiàng)。答案選D。如果把題改為:Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shorts_____is a stupid thing to do in such weather.此題變成限制性定語(yǔ)從句。答案成為that或which.有逗號(hào)與無(wú)逗號(hào)將是天壤之別。
(2012福州模擬)_____is known to us all is that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.
A.As B.It C.That D.What
考查主語(yǔ)從句,What在這里引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。選D。如果題目改為1)_____is known to us all,the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.此空應(yīng)填 as,as引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句;2)_____is known to us all that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.此空應(yīng)用it做形式主語(yǔ),代替that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。
5.特殊句式:祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陳述句
Give me more a chance and I will study hard to catch up with others.
Pay more attention to your mistakes or you will be fired.
如果把前一句中的并列連詞and變?yōu)槎禾?hào)。它將會(huì)出現(xiàn)以下句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
1)Given more a chance,I will study hard to catch up with others.(分詞做狀語(yǔ))
2)If you give me more a chance,I will study hard to catch up with others.(壯語(yǔ)從句)
如果把第二句中的選擇連詞or變?yōu)槎禾?hào)。它將會(huì)出現(xiàn)以下句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
1)Not paying more attention your mistakes,you will be fired.(分詞做狀語(yǔ))
2)If you don’t pay more attention your mistakes,you will be fired.(壯語(yǔ)從句)
從上面高考熱點(diǎn)例子中,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在做題時(shí)起舉足輕重的作用。尤其逗號(hào)的用法。比如在選擇題中,改錯(cuò)題,往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的題目。如果我們?cè)趯?xiě)作文時(shí)亂用或不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),那你的作文可能把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,把簡(jiǎn)單句變成復(fù)合句,或者顛倒過(guò)來(lái)。所以我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)要重視它,養(yǎng)成一個(gè)運(yùn)用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的好習(xí)慣。否則,我們就會(huì)在高考選擇題上,改錯(cuò)題上失分,尤其在書(shū)面表達(dá)上沒(méi)有達(dá)到高考的要求,失分將會(huì)更加嚴(yán)重。我希望通過(guò)這些例子能對(duì)同學(xué)們有所幫助。
[1]梁小龍.英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中逗號(hào)的意義和應(yīng)用[J].中學(xué)課程輔導(dǎo)·教學(xué)研究,2012(06).
[2]張鳴鳳.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)與高考英語(yǔ)——利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)準(zhǔn)確判斷答案[J].中學(xué)教學(xué)參考,2011(27).