陜西省榆林市第二實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)(綏德師范學(xué)校) 李玲

1.教材依據(jù)

普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)教課書(shū)Module 5 Unit 4的語(yǔ)法以呈現(xiàn)——發(fā)現(xiàn)——?dú)w納——實(shí)踐——活用的模式引導(dǎo)學(xué)生認(rèn)知倒裝句的形式，意義和用法。設(shè)計(jì)了結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)知性練習(xí)、控制和指導(dǎo)性練習(xí)、及交流性練習(xí)等具有層次性的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。

2.任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)原則

高中英語(yǔ)新課程總目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力，提倡學(xué)以致用，在表達(dá)中加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)法意識(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言形式的表意功能和運(yùn)用。該語(yǔ)法教學(xué)將遵循呈現(xiàn)——發(fā)現(xiàn)——?dú)w納——實(shí)踐——活用的模式引導(dǎo)學(xué)生認(rèn)知倒裝句的形式、意義和用法，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。

3.教學(xué)目標(biāo)

通過(guò)本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)讓學(xué)生達(dá)到以下4個(gè)目標(biāo)：

3.1 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)目標(biāo)：

3.1.1 學(xué)生能在一定的語(yǔ)境中認(rèn)識(shí)倒裝句；

3.1.2 學(xué)生能夠掌握倒裝句的功能。

3.2 語(yǔ)言技能目標(biāo)：

3.2.1 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成發(fā)現(xiàn)和歸納倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)形式和功能的能力；

3.2.2 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在句子和篇章中正確運(yùn)用倒裝句的能力。

3.3 情感目標(biāo)：

在教學(xué)活動(dòng)中以學(xué)生為主體，合理使用多媒體，充分利用雙人或小組活動(dòng)的形式營(yíng)造出民主平等的氛圍，調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生極地參與教學(xué)活動(dòng)。

3.4 學(xué)習(xí)策略目標(biāo)：

幫助學(xué)生通過(guò)觀察，體驗(yàn)，探究等積極主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)方法理解和掌握學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。

4.教學(xué)策略

在教學(xué)活動(dòng)中合理使用多媒體，采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)法，歸納法來(lái)完成教學(xué)任務(wù)，達(dá)到教學(xué)目標(biāo)。

5.教學(xué)步驟：Teaching procedures

Step 1 Lead in

Show students a flash of a running car and shout“Watch out!Here comes a car!”,then ask “Have you ever seen this kind of car in person?”.Then to those who say “No”,response “Never have I seen this kind of car.”(present the two sentences on the screen)

Step 2 Form of inversion

Task 1.Get students to analyse the structure of the sentences and pay attention to inversion of the subject and verb.Then identify full inversion and partial inversion.

Watch out!Here comes a car! (full inversion)

adv v s

Never have I seen this kind of car.(partial inversion)

s v o

Step 3 Rules of partial inversion

Task 2.Get students to work in groups of four and find out the sentences in Reading with partial inversion.Then give more examples for students to generalize the rules of partial inversion.

1.Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.

Seldom have I heard from her recently.(Ask students to rewrite the inverted sentences using normal word order and generalize this rule of inversion)

Rule1表示否定意義的副詞或起副詞作用的短語(yǔ)置于句首，例如seldom,hardly,scarely,little,rarely,not,never,by no means,at no time,under no circumstances等，句子用部分倒裝。

2.Not only am I interested in photography,but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.

Rule 2 Not only...but also引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列分句時(shí)，前一個(gè)分句用倒裝，而后一個(gè)分句不用倒裝。

3.Only if you ask many questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.

You will achieve your dream only in this way.(Get students to rewrite this sentence using inverted order)

Rule 3 only修飾的狀語(yǔ)（即副詞，起副詞作用的介詞短語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)從句等）置于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝。

4.He was so seriously injured in the accident that he was sent to hospital at once.

=So seriously was he injured in the accident that he was sent to hospital at once.

He is such a famous man that everyone wants to take a photo with him.=Such a famous man is he that everyone wants to take a photo with him.

Rule 4 So/such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中，若將 so/such+所修飾部分置于句首，主句用部分倒裝，而從句不倒裝。

5.Get students to choose the best answers.

—Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?

—I don’t know,_______.

A.nor don’t I care B.nor do I care

C.I don’t care neitherD.I don’t care also

If he attends the meeting tomorrow,_______.

A.so do I B.so will I

C.nor do I D.nor will I

Rule 5 So neither,nor放在句首，表示前面說(shuō)話的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或物，既“……也（也不）這樣/如此”，句子要用部分倒裝。結(jié)構(gòu)為：so+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 /系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)；neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ)。

Step 4 Using partial inversion

Task 3 Rewrite the following sentences beginning with the words or phrases underlined.

1.You will see so many seats only at a stadium in Beijing.

2.She is not only good at languages,but also at history and geography.

Rewrite the inverted sentences using normal word order.

1.Only then did I begin my work on designing a new bridge.

2.Not only was there a Christmas tree,but also exciting presents under it.

Step 5 Full inversion

Task 4 Get students to learn the sentences and find out the uses of full inversion.

1.Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.

Now comes our turn.Then followed a shot of gun.

There she comes.Here are you.×

There comes she.× Here you are.

Rule 1以here,there,now,then,thus等地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間副詞開(kāi)頭的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be,come,go,remain,lie,run等，而主語(yǔ)又是名詞時(shí)，用完全倒裝。

2.In came Mr.White.

Up went the arrow into the air.

Away went the boy.

Ahead sat an old woman.

Rule 2表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞out,in,up,down,away等置于句首，謂語(yǔ)等表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子用完全倒裝。

3.At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.East of the lake lie two towns.

Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.

Rule 3表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，使用完全倒裝。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為lie,stand,sit,be,live等不及物動(dòng)詞。

Step 5 Using full inversion

Task 5 Show students two pictures and ask them to describe the pictures using full inversion.

Step 6 Using inversion

Task 6 Listen to a nursary song Incy Wincy Spider.Underline the inversion and explain why inversion is used here.

Task 7 Do Ex 3 on Page 29.

Step 7 Assignment

Mak up a story according to the given situation using as many inversions as possible.

Situation:There came a loud series of knocks on the door.So I opened it.In the doorway stood a small boy and his father.In front of them was a broden bicycle lying on the ground. “Here’s my son’s bike,” explained the man...

設(shè)計(jì)思路：

利用課本部分提供的語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生用用探究的途徑學(xué)習(xí)新的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)和歸納倒裝句的規(guī)則，并培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在句子和篇章中運(yùn)用倒裝句的能力。

6.課后反思

6.1 教學(xué)的成功之處

本節(jié)課是語(yǔ)法課，教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)充分考慮到學(xué)生的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)，始終以學(xué)生作為學(xué)習(xí)的主體，幫助他們觀察語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)在規(guī)律，運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)完成各項(xiàng)任務(wù)，其中既有個(gè)體的獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程，也有合作學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程。

設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)遵循由易到難的規(guī)律，保證每個(gè)學(xué)生都有能力參與任務(wù)的完成。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的形式，意義及運(yùn)用均有兼顧，達(dá)到了預(yù)期目標(biāo)。

6.2 教學(xué)的不足之處

為了完成教學(xué)任務(wù)，留給學(xué)生觀察，探究和發(fā)現(xiàn)歸納的時(shí)間不夠，致使部分任務(wù)完成的不夠完整；課堂提問(wèn)中應(yīng)該照顧到每個(gè)學(xué)生，讓每個(gè)學(xué)生都參與到各項(xiàng)任務(wù)的完成。

6.3 最深的感受

在語(yǔ)法教學(xué)中盡可能多的為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造觀察、探究、合作、討論、發(fā)現(xiàn)、歸納等的時(shí)間和空間，重視在運(yùn)用中學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法，爭(zhēng)取在輕松愉快的氛圍中達(dá)到學(xué)習(xí)的目的。

[1]教育部.義務(wù)教育英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[M].北京：人民教育出版社,2007.

[2]李華.高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)與反思[M].長(zhǎng)春：東北師范大學(xué)出版社,2007.