汪 濤 王蘇平 王曉虹
(大連市中心醫(yī)院康復(fù)科,遼寧 大連116033)
肌電圖儀在周圍神經(jīng)損傷手術(shù)中的臨床應(yīng)用
汪 濤 王蘇平 王曉虹
(大連市中心醫(yī)院康復(fù)科,遼寧 大連116033)
目的探討肌電圖儀在周圍神經(jīng)損傷手術(shù)中應(yīng)用電刺激促進(jìn)神經(jīng)再生的監(jiān)測作用。方法對23例周圍神經(jīng)損傷實(shí)施松解手術(shù)的患者于術(shù)中進(jìn)行超強(qiáng)電刺激,在肌電圖儀的持續(xù)監(jiān)測下分析相應(yīng)神經(jīng)在刺激前后的電學(xué)變化。結(jié)果①電刺激后臂叢神經(jīng)損傷和尺神經(jīng)損傷復(fù)合肌肉動作電位的潛伏期較刺激前明顯縮短,變化有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。②電刺激后臂叢神經(jīng)損傷、正中神經(jīng)損傷、橈神經(jīng)損傷的復(fù)合肌肉動作電位波幅明顯高于刺激前,變化有統(tǒng)計(jì)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論肌電圖儀在術(shù)中監(jiān)測到對連續(xù)性尚存的損傷神經(jīng)施行超強(qiáng)電刺激,能有效促進(jìn)周圍神經(jīng)再生及神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù)。
電刺激;周圍神經(jīng)損傷;神經(jīng)再生
周圍神經(jīng)損傷是外科臨床常見疾病,外科手術(shù)神經(jīng)移植能修復(fù)神經(jīng)損傷,某些藥物、激素、生長因子也能能促進(jìn)神經(jīng)再生,但再生的神經(jīng)恢復(fù)緩慢,長時(shí)間失神經(jīng)支配,肌肉難免出現(xiàn)萎縮,導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)功能障礙。加快神經(jīng)再生、避免肌肉萎縮是我們關(guān)注的課題。目前國內(nèi)外很多動物實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)電刺激能促進(jìn)周圍神經(jīng)再生,本研究在周圍神經(jīng)損傷外科修復(fù)術(shù)中應(yīng)用電刺激,應(yīng)用肌電圖儀觀察患者損傷神經(jīng)的恢復(fù)情況。
1.1 病例選擇
我院收治的臂叢及周圍神經(jīng)損傷患者共計(jì)23例,其中男性20例,女性3例,臂叢神經(jīng)損傷7例,正中神經(jīng)損傷6例,尺神經(jīng)損傷5例,橈神經(jīng)損傷5例,年齡21~65歲,研究對象均來源于2008年1月至2009年3月在我院手外科收治的周圍神經(jīng)損傷手術(shù)的患者,術(shù)中證實(shí)受損神經(jīng)的連續(xù)性尚存。肌電圖檢查:受損神經(jīng)運(yùn)動及感覺神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度不同程度的減慢或消失,所支配肌肉可見不同程度的失神經(jīng)電位。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 在手術(shù)中應(yīng)用丹麥的Keypoit四導(dǎo)肌電誘發(fā)電位儀進(jìn)行肌電監(jiān)測,同時(shí)給予電刺激應(yīng)用于電刺激組。電刺激組與手術(shù)后在病變神經(jīng)近端直接給予超強(qiáng)電刺激,刺激頻率為2Hz,電流強(qiáng)度為100mA,持續(xù)時(shí)間5min。患者電刺激前后分別測定損傷神經(jīng)的復(fù)合肌肉動作電位,并且記錄其潛伏期及波幅。
1.2.2 療效評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
神經(jīng)電生理指標(biāo),為術(shù)中電刺激前后相應(yīng)神經(jīng)復(fù)合肌肉動作電位潛伏期及波幅的變化來評定。電生理檢查均有同一評估者進(jìn)行。
1.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)分析
采用SPSS10.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對治療前后計(jì)量資料采用t檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。
電生理檢測結(jié)果顯示,23例患者中,12例患者潛伏期明顯改善,電刺激治療后受損神經(jīng)的動作電位潛伏期比刺激前縮短(表1),其中臂叢神經(jīng)損傷組(7例)和尺神經(jīng)損傷組(5例)潛伏期變化有顯著差異(P<0.05);18例患者波幅明顯改善,電刺激后受損神經(jīng)的動作電位波幅比刺激前增加(表2),其中臂叢神經(jīng)損傷組(7例)、正中神經(jīng)損傷組(6例)、橈神經(jīng)損傷組(5例)刺激前后波幅變化有顯著差異(P<0.05)。
表1 電刺激前后動作電位潛伏期變化對比 單位:ms
表2 電刺激前后動作電位波幅變化對比 單位:ms
最早觀察到電刺激促進(jìn)周圍神經(jīng)的再生作用是1976年,Wilson[1]等先后用大量的動物實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,電刺激能明顯促進(jìn)損傷的周圍神經(jīng)再生速度加快。Nicole等[2]研究表明電刺激促進(jìn)感覺神經(jīng)元再生和相關(guān)生長基因的表達(dá)。Gordon等[3,4]認(rèn)為電刺激不僅能夠促進(jìn)周圍神經(jīng)的再生,而且能夠促進(jìn)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感覺神經(jīng)的再生,其作用機(jī)制可能是促進(jìn)增量調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)生長因子和神經(jīng)環(huán)磷酸腺苷。國內(nèi)很多學(xué)者也進(jìn)行了一系列電刺激促進(jìn)周圍損傷神經(jīng)再生的臨床研究[5-7]。但是Gigo-Beneato等[8]認(rèn)為電刺激損害早期功能恢復(fù)并加重骨骼肌的變性。在我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)中23例周圍神經(jīng)損傷患者于手術(shù)中應(yīng)用超強(qiáng)電刺激,肌電圖儀監(jiān)測到刺激前后電生理指標(biāo)變化顯著,證實(shí)電刺激治療對神經(jīng)再生有顯著效果。我們分析可能是一方面電刺激形成的電場誘導(dǎo)神經(jīng)生長因子向損傷遠(yuǎn)端移動,促進(jìn)神經(jīng)生長;另一方面電場促進(jìn)雪旺細(xì)胞的游走、爬行及生長發(fā)育,提高神經(jīng)生長速度,因而對連續(xù)性尚存的周圍損傷神經(jīng)于術(shù)中給予持續(xù)超強(qiáng)電刺激治療能夠顯著提高手術(shù)效果。但是周圍神經(jīng)損傷后的變性與再生是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的病理生理過程,目前電刺激促進(jìn)損傷的神經(jīng)再生機(jī)制尚不清楚,有待進(jìn)一步的研究證實(shí)。肌電圖儀在術(shù)中不僅起到監(jiān)測作用,而且還是重要的電刺激發(fā)生器,促進(jìn)神經(jīng)再生,Kirsten[9]在腕管綜合癥患者中應(yīng)用該技術(shù)正式可促進(jìn)運(yùn)動功能的早期恢復(fù)。我們所采用的方法與傳統(tǒng)電刺激治療相比,患者較易接受,但是其效果還需要進(jìn)一步的隨機(jī)對照臨床試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。隨著周圍神經(jīng)損傷患者的增多,要求我們必須提高周圍神經(jīng)損傷修復(fù)的效果,而本研究為其提供了一種重要方式。
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Clinical Application of Use Electromyogram Meter Peripheral Nerve Injury
WANG Tao, WANG SU-ping, WANG Xiao-hong
(Department of Rehabilition, Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, China)
ObjectiveInvestigating the monitoring applications of EMG in surgery of the brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury supramaximal electrical stimulation to promote nerve regeneration.MethodGiving the supramaximal electrical stimulation to the 26 patients with brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury who are given the release surgery in the continuous monitoring of the EMG, to analysis of the corresponding nerve electrical changes before and after stimulation and sensory and motor function recovery.Result①Statistical significance brachial plexus injury group and ulnar nerve injury group before and after electrical stimulation compound muscle action potential latency change(P<0.05), stimulation is shorter than before stimulation.②It has statistical significance with before and after the electrical stimulation compound muscle action potential amplitude changes of brachial plexus injury group、median nerve injury groupand radial nerve injury group, (P<0.05), stimulation is higher than before stimulation.ConclusionGiving the supramaximal electrical stimulation in surgery can effectively promote peripheral nerve regeneration and recovery of neurological function for the injured nerves surviving in continuity.
Electrical stimulation; Peripheral nerve injury; Nerve regeneration
R745
B
1671-8194(2013)15-0168-02