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        一步定位邏輯主語

        2013-01-01 00:00:00周童瑜
        求學(xué)·理科版 2013年1期

        邏輯主語由于其名字的關(guān)系,加上許多老師講解邏輯主語時翻來覆去,好多學(xué)生誤以為邏輯主語是超級難點。其實它只是個重點,并非難點。我們知道,每個動作都必有一個發(fā)出者。英語中充當(dāng)謂語的動作,其發(fā)出者無疑為句子主語。但是其他不是謂語的動詞,即非謂語動詞,它的動作發(fā)出者(邏輯關(guān)系上的主語)在哪里呢?我們應(yīng)該怎么找?

        首先,我們來看高考中最重要的“狀語位”動作的邏輯主語,此時一步定位:作狀語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。常見“狀語位”邏輯主語主要有如下五種(部分舉例):

        1. to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.

        A. Having been asked B. To ask

        C. Having asked D. To be asked

        此題是第一種“狀語位”動作的邏輯主語:現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語。此時如果兩個動作同時間發(fā)生或無明顯先后順序關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式即可,但如果非謂語動詞發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之前,則需要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。此題為現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語,先有因才有果,故答案選A。第二種“狀語位”動作的邏輯主語:過去分詞做狀語。與第一種不同的是,此時邏輯主語和非謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,和第一種形式差不多,此種舉例略。

        2. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.

        A. attacking B. having attacking

        C. being attacked D. having been attacked

        此題是第三種“狀語位”動作的邏輯主語:介詞+動名詞做狀語。介詞后面所跟動詞必須加ing。因此一步定位邏輯主語后,只需考慮主被動關(guān)系即可完成解題。此題答案為C。

        3. When for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.

        A. asking B. asked

        C. having asked D. to be asked

        此題是第四種“狀語位”動作的邏輯主語:連詞+分詞做狀語(包括形容詞直接做狀語)。一步定位邏輯主語為Philip,根據(jù)題意應(yīng)屬被動,輕松選定B項。

        4. George returned after the war,only that his wife had left him.

        A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told

        此題是第五種“狀語位”動作的邏輯主語:only to be done做結(jié)果狀語。形式固定,輕松選定答案A項。

        “狀語位”邏輯主語的“一步定位”規(guī)則同樣適用于“主語補語位”和“表語位”的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語定位。

        第二,“賓語補足語位”動作的邏輯主語一般就是賓語本身。舉一例足矣:Miss Gao asked me to answer her question。賓補位置的動作answer,其邏輯主語就是賓語me。

        第三,“定語位”動作的邏輯主語一般就是其修飾詞。高考考頻也相當(dāng)高。我們來看例題:

        5. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.

        A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered

        6. We’ re having a meeting in half an hour.The decision at the meeting will influence the future of our company.

        A. to be made B. being made

        C. made D. having been made

        第五題選B?!岸ㄕZ位”動作offer和修飾詞letter構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。第六題,“定語位”動作make和修飾詞decision構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,加之decision還沒作出,有將來含義,選A吻合。

        最后,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(含獨立主格)一般自帶邏輯主語,與句子主語不相關(guān)。

        7. The party will be held in the garden,weather

        A. permitting B. to permit

        C. permitted D. permit

        此題句子主語是the party,非謂語動詞permit和其毫不相關(guān),因為其自帶了邏輯主語weather,主動關(guān)系,很明顯答案為A。例7是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),形式也很簡單。

        仔細讀完本文,相信你對邏輯主語一定有一個清晰的脈絡(luò)了,這樣以后就不易忘記和搞混。

        配套練習(xí)

        1. that she was going off to sleep,I asked if she'd like that little doll on her bed.

        A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen

        2. I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good .

        A. to be breathed B. to breathe

        C. breathing D. being breathed

        3. —Did the book give the information you needed?

        —Yes.But it,I had to read the entire book.

        A. to find B. find C. to be finding D. finding

        4. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it.

        A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused

        5. the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.

        A. Giving B. Having given

        C. To give D. Given

        6. The government plans to bring in new laws parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.

        A. forced B. forcing

        C. to be forced D. having forced

        7. The children all turned_____the famous actress as she entered the classroom.

        A. looked at B. to look at

        C. to looking at D. look at

        8. Now that we’ ve discussed out problem,are people happy with the decisions ?

        A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take

        9.We are invited to a party in our club next Friday.

        A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding

        10. I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

        A. to take B. to be taken

        C. taking D. being taken

        11. not to miss the flight at 15:20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.

        A. Reminding B. Reminded

        C. To remind D. Having reminded

        12. When he the door,he found his keys were nowhere.

        A. would open B. opened

        C. had opened D. was to open

        13. At the age of 29,Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and what to do about his future.

        A. living;wondering B. lived;wondering

        C. lived;wondered D. living;wondered

        14. I don’ t know whether you happen it,but I’ m going to study in the U.S.A.this September.

        A. to be heard B. to be hearing

        C. to hear D. to have heard

        15. The speech ______ a lively discussion started.

        A. being delivered B. was delivered

        C. be delivered D. having been delivered

        參考答案:1—15 ABADD BBCAD BDADD

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