英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞是歷年高考英語(yǔ)所考查的重點(diǎn)之一。2012年全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)試題的單選題中,就有7道題對(duì)這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行考查,主要考查形式是運(yùn)用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。過(guò)去分詞主要的用法是:相當(dāng)于形容詞和副詞的作用,在句子中作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。本文以2012年全國(guó)各省市高考真題為例,由此歸納和總結(jié)過(guò)去分詞的用法及其考查熱點(diǎn),希望對(duì)廣大學(xué)生有所啟發(fā)。
一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),特別是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ),通常放在被修飾詞之后,和被修飾的名詞或代詞形成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,過(guò)去分詞在語(yǔ)境中所表示的動(dòng)作具有以下兩種情況:表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前而且與它所修飾的名詞或代詞在邏輯上為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
?。壅骖}再現(xiàn)]
1.[山東]35.After completing and signing it,please return the form to us in the envelope____________.
A.providing B.provided
C.having providedD.provide
解析:句意為:“填完表格和簽名后,請(qǐng)把它放進(jìn)剛才所給的信封里并上交給我們?!盤rovide和envelope存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,provide表示的動(dòng)作也已完成,故選B。
2.[浙江]11.“It’s such a nice place,”Mother said as she sat at the table_____for customers.
A.to be reserved B.having reserved
C.reserving D.reserved
解析:句意為:“正當(dāng)母親坐在為顧客預(yù)訂好的桌旁時(shí),她說(shuō):‘這是個(gè)好地方?!盩he table是提前被預(yù)訂的,故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),正確答案為D,相當(dāng)于which was reserved.
二、過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞和它前面的邏輯主語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)或完成的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)考查的重點(diǎn)是感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞和with后所接的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。解題時(shí),應(yīng)注意從邏輯上抓住賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間的關(guān)系,即被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
?。壅骖}再現(xiàn)]
?。鬯拇ǎ?2.Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car_____.
A.washedB.washC.washingD.to wash
解析:句意為:“在你開車進(jìn)城前,你得先洗車?!痹擃}考查是get后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)your car在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此應(yīng)選擇表示被動(dòng)意義的過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),故正確的答案應(yīng)為A。
三、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞或過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),表示被動(dòng)和完成,解題時(shí)應(yīng)把“找出分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)及邏輯主語(yǔ)與分詞之間的關(guān)系”視為重點(diǎn)。如果兩者之間的關(guān)系為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,邏輯主語(yǔ)就是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者,便可選用過(guò)去分詞。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,在句子中可以表示原因、條件、時(shí)間、伴隨、讓步、方式、結(jié)果等,過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致,有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前還加上連詞if,unless,when,while,though等。
[真題再現(xiàn)]
1.[安徽]30.When_____for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A.askingB.asked C.having askedD.to be asked
解析:句意為:“當(dāng)詢問(wèn)到有關(guān)對(duì)自己教學(xué)工作的看法時(shí),菲利普說(shuō)他已發(fā)現(xiàn)它是很有趣而且很有價(jià)值?!笨疾椤斑B詞+分詞”的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞常??梢杂幸恍┻B詞,如if,unless,when,while,though,no matter how,until,since等之后,這種考查可以把它視為“在狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果主從句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞可以省略”的形式。因此,把此題補(bǔ)充完整后的句子為“When he was asked for his views about his teaching job,...”,故選B。
類似的題目如下:
2.[全國(guó)]32.Film has a much shorter history,especially when_____such art forms as music and painting.
A.having compared toB.comparing to
C.compare to D.compared to
解析:以上的例子也是考查“連詞+分詞”的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為:“電影的歷史更短,特別當(dāng)它與音樂(lè)和繪畫這些藝術(shù)相比時(shí)?!北绢}可視為“...specially when it was compared to such art forms as music and painting.”故正確答案為D。
3.[湖南]23.Time,_____correctly,is money in the bank.
A.to useB.usedC.usingD.use
解析:此處考查是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),句意為:“時(shí)間,如能正確地使用的話,便是銀行里的金錢?!逼渲羞壿嬛髡Z(yǔ)time是句子的主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞use與邏輯主語(yǔ)time是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選B。
4.[北京]27._____with care,one tin will last for six weeks.
A.UseB.UsingC.UsedD.To use
解析:此處也是在考查過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),在句子中表示條件狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句If it is used with care.句意為:如果能細(xì)心使用,一聽能持續(xù)六個(gè)星期。邏輯主語(yǔ)one tin是句子的主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞use與邏輯主語(yǔ)one tin在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選C。
本文探討了2012年高考英語(yǔ)中過(guò)去分詞的幾種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中還要注意積累和總結(jié),分析歷年高考英語(yǔ)考試中常考題型和知識(shí)點(diǎn),只有正確掌握考試大綱所要求的知識(shí)點(diǎn)和分析所考查題型的命題特點(diǎn),才能做到在答題時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)自如。
鞏固練習(xí):
1(2011全國(guó)卷II)15.The island,_____to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.
A.joiningB.to joinC.joinedD.having joined
2(2011上海卷)32.The rare fish,_____from the cooking pot,has been returned to the sea.
A.savedB.savingC.to be savedD.having saved
3(2011福建卷)23.Tsinghua University,_____in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.to be founded
4(2011四川卷)16._____an important role in a new movie,Andy has a chance to become famous.
A.OfferB.OfferingC.offeredD.To offer
5(2011天津卷)12._____into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A.Translating?搖?搖 ?搖?搖B.Translated
C.To translate D.Having translated
6(2011陜西卷)14.Claire had luggage____________ an hour before her plane left.
A.checkB.checkingC.to checkD.checked
7(2011重慶卷)33.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself_____of his own dreams.
A.remindingB.to remindC.remindedD.remind
8(2011安徽卷)30.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier____________ into small pieces.
A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.to break
9(2011浙江卷)14.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves____________ for words.
A.loseB.lostC.to loseD.having lost
10(2011湖南卷)23.The players_____from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A.selectingB.to select C selectedD.having selected
11.(2010全國(guó)I 27).Mrs. White showed her student some old maps____________ from the library.
A.to borrowB.to be borrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing
12(2010全國(guó)卷II 11).Though_____to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A.surprise B.was surprised
C.surprised D.being surprised
13(2010北京卷25).I’m calling to enquire about the position____________ in yesterday’s China Daily.
A.advertised B.to be advertised
C.advertising D.having advertised
14(2010福建卷34).In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained____________abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A.stickingB.stuckC.to be stuckD.to have stuck
15(2010湖南卷30).So far nobody has claimed the money____________ in the library.
A.discovered B.to be discovered
C.discovering D.having discovered
16(2010上海卷33).Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues_____with her stories.
A.amusedB.amusingC.to amuseD.to be amused
17(2010遼寧卷35).Alexander tried to get his work____________in the medical circles.
A.to recognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognized
18(2010浙江卷8).The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if____________ regularly,can improve our health.
A.being carried out B.carrying out
C.carried out D.to carry out
19(2010山東卷29).The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already_____for a meal to be cooked.
A.laidB.layingC.to layD.being laid
20(2010陜西卷16)._____from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A.SeenB.SeeingC.Have seenD.To see
21(2010四川卷4)A great number of students _____said they were forced to practise the piano.
A.to question B.to be questioned
C.questioned D.questioning
Key:1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.C 19.A 20.A 21