歐盟研發(fā)框架計劃與時俱進

歐盟研發(fā)框架計劃（FP）于1984年開始啟動實施，是由歐委會具體管理的歐盟最主要的科研資助計劃，也是迄今為止世界上最大的公共財政科研資助計劃。

歐盟研發(fā)框架計劃從1984年的第一研發(fā)框架計劃（F P1）發(fā)展到將于2013年截止的第七研發(fā)框架計劃（FP7），再到2011年11月新推出的（2014-2020年）研發(fā)創(chuàng)新框架計劃“2020地平線”（Horizon 2020），共計經(jīng)歷八個階段。分別如下：

1、歐盟第一研發(fā)框架計劃（FP1）：跨年度1984-1990年，研發(fā)經(jīng)費總投入32.71億歐元；2、歐盟第二研發(fā)框架計劃（FP2）：跨年度1987-1995年，研發(fā)經(jīng)費總投入53.57億歐元；3、歐盟第三研發(fā)框架計劃（FP3）：跨年度1991-1995年，研發(fā)經(jīng)費總投入65.52億歐元；4、歐盟第四研發(fā)框架計劃（FP4）：跨年度1995-1998年，研發(fā)經(jīng)費總投入131.21億歐元；5、歐盟第五研發(fā)框架計劃（FP5）：跨年度1999-2002年，研發(fā)經(jīng)費總投入148.71億歐元；6、歐盟第六研發(fā)框架計劃（FP6）：跨年度2003-2006年，研發(fā)經(jīng)費總投入192.56億歐元；7、歐盟第七研發(fā)框架計劃（FP7）：跨年度2007-2013年，研發(fā)經(jīng)費總投入558.06億歐元；8、2020地平線 （財政預(yù)算預(yù)期）：跨年度2014-2020年，研發(fā)經(jīng)費總投入860億歐元。

歐盟研發(fā)框架計劃肩負著四大重任：建設(shè)歐盟統(tǒng)一的研究區(qū)域（ERA）、保持科學(xué)技術(shù)的卓越、提升工業(yè)企業(yè)的競爭力和應(yīng)對經(jīng)濟社會的挑戰(zhàn)。2011年，歐盟在金融經(jīng)濟危機陰影下對FP7進行的改革加入創(chuàng)新這一競爭性目標，同時賦予FP7和未來的2020地平線新的使命：經(jīng)濟增長和擴大就業(yè)。

Horizon 2020: The EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation

Horizon 2020 is the fi nancial instrument implementing the Innovation Union, a Europe 2020 fl agship initiative aimed at securing Europe's global competitiveness.Running from 2014 to 2020 with an €80 billion budget, the EU’s new programme for research and innovation is part of the drive to create new growth and jobs in Europe.

Horizon 2020 provides major simplification through a single set of rules. It will combine all research and innovation funding currently provided through the Framework Programmes for Research and Technical Development, the innovation related activities of the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP)and the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT).

The proposed support for research and innovation under Horizon 2020 will:

· Strengthen the EU’s position in science with a dedicated budget of € 24 598 million. This will provide a boost to top-level research in Europe, including an increase in funding of 77% for the very successful European Research Council (ERC).

· Strengthen industrial leadership in innovation € 17 938 million. This includes major investment in key technologies,greater access to capital and support for SMEs.

· Provide € 31 748 million to help address major concerns shared by all Europeans such as climate change, developing sustainable transport and mobility,making renewable energy more affordable, ensuring food safety and security, or coping with the challenge of an ageing population.

Horizon 2020 will tackle societal challenges by helping to bridge the gap between research and the market by, for example,helping innovative enterprise to develop their technological breakthroughs into viable products with real commercial potential. This market-driven approach will include creating partnerships with the private sector and Member States to bring together the resources needed.

Horizon 2020 will be complemented by further measures to complete and further develop the European Research Area by 2014. These measures will aim at breaking down barriers to create a genuine single market for knowledge, research and innovation.