英語(yǔ)中的“說(shuō)”通常可翻譯成say、speak、talk和tell,但是有的同學(xué)對(duì)它們的含義及用法不能正確區(qū)分,非常容易混淆。下面就來(lái)介紹一下它們的區(qū)分及用法,相信會(huì)對(duì)同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。
say:意為“說(shuō)出”、“說(shuō)過(guò)”、“說(shuō)道”,強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話(huà)的內(nèi)容,它的賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、代詞或賓語(yǔ)從句,也可與to連用。常用短語(yǔ):say sth. to sb. /say to sb. 。請(qǐng)看例句:
1. Mr. Li often says “hello” to us with a smile. 李先生常帶著微笑向我們打招呼。
2. Can you say the word in English?你能用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)這個(gè)單詞嗎?
3. “I want to go there by bus”,he said. 他說(shuō),“我要坐公交車(chē)到那里去?!?/p>
4. He said to me, “I am a student from Class Eight, Grade Seven.”
他對(duì)我說(shuō):“我是七年級(jí)八班的一名學(xué)生?!?/p>
5. Please say it in English. 請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。
speak:強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)的動(dòng)作,不強(qiáng)調(diào)所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),常以某種語(yǔ)言作賓語(yǔ)。作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),常見(jiàn)的搭配形式有:speak of sth./sb. 談到某事(某人);speak to sb. 跟某人講話(huà);speak to sb. about sth. 跟某人談某事。此外speak還可用于較為正式的場(chǎng)合,表示演講或演說(shuō)。請(qǐng)看例句:
1. Can you speak Japanese? 你會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)嗎?
2. She is speaking to her teacher. 她正在和她的老師說(shuō)話(huà)。
3. He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在會(huì)上講了話(huà)。
4. Can you speak about him? 你能不能說(shuō)說(shuō)他的情況?
5. I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說(shuō)話(huà)。
talk:與 speak 意義相近,也著重說(shuō)話(huà)的動(dòng)作,而不著重所說(shuō)的話(huà),一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞。不過(guò),talk 暗示話(huà)是對(duì)某人說(shuō)的,有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話(huà)意味,著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話(huà)。常用短語(yǔ)有:talk to sb. /talk with sb. about sth.。
請(qǐng)看例句:
1. Peter and Ken are talking on the phone. 彼得和肯正在電話(huà)中交談。
2. Nancy’s father is talking with her teacher. 南希的父親正在和她的老師談話(huà)。
3. Nancy and her pen friend are talking in English. 南希和她的筆友正用英語(yǔ)交談。
4. —What are they talking about?他們正在談?wù)撌裁矗?/p>
—They are talking about the English exam. 他們正談?wù)撨@次英語(yǔ)考試。
tell:意為“講述”、“告訴”,作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),指把一件事或一個(gè)故事講出來(lái),有連續(xù)述說(shuō)之意。如:tell the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà);tell a story 講故事;tell a lie 撒謊。請(qǐng)看例句:
What did your friend tell you five minutes ago?五分鐘前你朋友告訴了你什么?
此外,tell也可接雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。如tell sb. sth. 告訴某人某事;tell sb. about sth. 告訴某人某事;tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人(不要)去做某事。請(qǐng)看例句:
1. The policeman told the two children not to ride a bike quickly. It’s too dangerous.
那個(gè)警察告訴那兩個(gè)孩子騎自行車(chē)不要太快,那太危險(xiǎn)了。
2. Can you tell me something about your pen friend?
你能不能告訴我關(guān)于你的筆友的一些事情?
3. Mike’s grandfather often tells him an interesting story before he goes to bed.
邁克的爺爺常常在他睡覺(jué)前給他講一個(gè)有趣的故事。
通過(guò)上面的分析,相信你對(duì)英語(yǔ)中的“四說(shuō)”能正確區(qū)分了吧。下面練習(xí)一下,相信你一定沒(méi)問(wèn)題。
1. ______ me what I should do next.
A. SayB. SpeakC. TellD. Talk
2. People usually ____“hello” to each other when they make a phone call.
A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk
3. Sorry, I can’t ________ English.
A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk
4. They ______ about football every day.
A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk
(Answers:1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D)