請先看下面幾道中考題:
1. There isn’t any ______ in the bowl. (2012 年廣西壯族自治區(qū)南寧市)
A. noodlesB. dumplingsC. riceD. eggs
2. All the _______ in our school enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday. (2012年貴州省遵義市)
A. men teachersB. women teachersC. woman teacher
3. —What’s your favorite fruit?
—I like ______ best. (2012年山東省濟南市)
A. applesB. broccoliC. potatoesD. cabbages
4. —Would you like some ________?
—Oh, yes, just a little. (2012年青海省西寧市)
A. potatoesB. eggsC. porridgeD. vegetables
5. The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many _____ there.(2012年廣東?。?/p>
A. birdB. duckC. sheepD. rabbit
分析:上面的五道中考題均是在考查同學(xué)們對可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞用法的掌握情況,答案分別是:1. C;2. B;3. A;4. C;5. C。
英語中,可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)分是初中生必須掌握的重要語法項目之一,但不少同學(xué)在使用的時候常常出現(xiàn)這樣或那樣的錯誤。為幫助同學(xué)們準(zhǔn)確使用,現(xiàn)將它們的用法歸納如下:
一、可數(shù)名詞是可以用來計數(shù)的名詞,它有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式;不可數(shù)名詞是不可以直接用來計數(shù)的名詞,它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,只有單數(shù)形式。例如:
a book—two booksa bus—five buses
a dictionary—three dictionariesa knife—nine knives
some breada little milkmuch water
二、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時,前面要用不定冠詞a(an);表示特指時,前面要用定冠詞the。不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a(an)修飾。當(dāng)它表示特指時,前面一定要用定冠詞the。例如:
She is a nurse. 她是一名護士。
He has a backpack. The backpack is behind the chair. 他有一個雙肩背包,這個背包在椅子的后面。
Water is very important to life. 水對生命來說十分重要。
No one can see air. 沒有人能看見空氣。
三、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞都可以用some、any、a lot of等來修飾,但是many、few、a few等只能修飾可數(shù)名詞;much、little、a little等只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
There are some English books on the desk. 桌子上有一些英語書。
There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶子里有許多水。
There is much milk in the glass. 杯子里有許多牛奶。
It was cold yesterday evening. There were few people in the street. 昨天晚上天氣很冷,街上幾乎沒有什么人。
Tom has many good friends in the school. 湯姆在學(xué)校里有許多好朋友。
四、若要表達不可數(shù)名詞的具體數(shù)量,可以通過“基數(shù)詞 + 計量名詞 + of + 不可數(shù)名詞”來表示;若要表達復(fù)數(shù)概念,把計量名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式即可。例如:
He ate two slices of bread this morning. 今天早上他吃了兩片面包。
I would like a cup of yogurt. 我想要一杯酸奶。
They need five pieces of paper. 他們需要五張紙。
五、可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。例如:
This picture is very beautiful. 這幅畫很美麗。
Look!Many students are visiting the Great Wall. 看!許多學(xué)生正在參觀長城。
不可數(shù)名作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。但是,當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)“單位詞”時,謂語動詞則要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
There is some money in the purse. 錢包里有一些錢。
There are two cups of tea on the desk. 桌子上有兩杯茶。
當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示整體概念時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:
Two years isn’t a long time. 兩年并不是很長時間。
—How much is the pair of shoes? 這雙鞋子多少錢?—Twenty dollars is enough. 二十美元足夠了。
六、對可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問要用how many;對不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問要用how much。例如:
How many apples are there in the box? 盒子里有多少個蘋果?
How much tea is there in the cup? 杯子里有多少茶?
對不可數(shù)名詞前的“單位詞”的修飾語提問時,疑問詞要用how many。例如:
How many pieces of bread are there on the plate? 盤子里有多少個面包?
七、有些合成詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時,通常只將合成詞的主體詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
student-teacher(實習(xí)老師)—student-teachers;boy student(男生)—boy students;banana tree(香蕉樹)—banana trees;shoe-maker(鞋匠)—shoe-makers;looker-on(旁觀者)—lookers-on
由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,man和woman要與后面的名詞保持一致。例如:
man teacher(男教師)—men teachers; woman doctor(女醫(yī)生)—women doctors
八、有的名詞在變成復(fù)數(shù)時是沒有規(guī)則可循的。例如:
man—men; woman—women; child—children; foot—feet; tooth—teeth;
fish—fish;sheep—sheep;deer(鹿)—deer;mouse—mice;Chinese—Chinese
有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:clothes衣服;trousers褲子;glasses眼鏡。
九、有些物質(zhì)名詞在表示不同類別時可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
tea各種茶(可數(shù))茶(不可數(shù))vegetable各種蔬菜(可數(shù))蔬菜(不可數(shù))
glass玻璃杯(可數(shù))玻璃(不可數(shù))room房間(可數(shù))空間(不可數(shù))
fruit各種水果(可數(shù))水果(不可數(shù))paper報紙、論文、試卷(可數(shù))紙、紙張(不可數(shù))
orange橘子、橙子(可數(shù))橘子汁、橘黃色(不可數(shù))rain一場雨、一陣雨(可數(shù))雨量(不可數(shù))
fish魚(可數(shù))魚肉(不可數(shù))chicken小雞(可數(shù))雞肉(不可數(shù))
I. 用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空, 每空一詞。
1. Look!There are five __________(bird) in the tree.
2. There is some _________(rice) in the bag.
3. The _________(German) are going to fly to Beijing for their holiday.
4. The teacher gave us some ______(advice) on how to learn English well.
5. We need five ________(potato) and three__________(tomato).
6. Lots of people lost their________(life) in the earthquake.
7. I saw three __________(documentary) last week.
8. He has two old _______(photo) of his family.
9. Please help yourself to some ________(fish).
10. Jack had two ________(tooth) pulled out yesterday.
II. 選擇填空。
1. I’m so hungry. Please give me _______ to eat. (2011年廣東省清遠市)
A. three bread B. three pieces of bread
C. three pieces of breadsD. three piece of bread
2. The old man used to raise many ________ to make a living on the farm.(2011年上海市)
A. duckB. horseC. birdD. sheep
3. —How many _________ teachers are there in your school?
—_______ them _______ over two hundred. (2011年四川省達州市)
A. woman; The number of; isB. women; The number of; is
C. woman; A number of; isD. women; A number of; are
4. Cici enjoys dancing. It’s one of her ________. (2011年河北?。?/p>
A. prizeB. prizesC. hobbyD. hobbies
5. —Mum,I am hungry. May I have some ______?
—Of course. But don’t eat too much. (2012年山東省濟南市)
A. breadB. noodleC. dumplingD. hamburger
6. —What is your favorite food?
—I like _______ best. I had a large bowl last night. (2012 年廣西壯族自治區(qū)玉林市)
A. potato noodleB. potatoes noodle
C. potato noodles D. potatoes noodles
7. —What a hot day!I am a bit thirsty.
—Would you like some _______?(2012年浙江省衢州市)
A. noodlesB. meatC. waterD. bread
8. —Oh, dear!There isn’t enough ______ for us in the lift.
—No hurry. Let’s wait for the next. (2012年浙江省寧波市)
A. floor B. seat C. room D. ground
Keys:
I. 1. birds2. rice3. Germans4. advice
5. potatoes; tomatoes 6. lives7. documentaries
8. photos 9. fish10. teeth
II. 1-5 B D B D A6-8 C C C