王曉燕 周永靜 龔丹丹 許亞平 徐岷 范鈺
·論著·
S100A6基因沉默對(duì)胰腺癌細(xì)胞侵襲的影響
王曉燕 周永靜 龔丹丹 許亞平 徐岷 范鈺
目的探討S100A6基因沉默對(duì)胰腺癌細(xì)胞侵襲的影響和可能機(jī)制。方法將不同濃度(3.125、6.25、12.5 nmol/L)的靶向S100A6的小干擾RNA(S100A6-siRNA)轉(zhuǎn)染人胰腺癌BxPC3細(xì)胞,分別采用熒光實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR和蛋白質(zhì)印跡法檢測(cè)S100A6 mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá),采用Transwell小室檢測(cè)癌細(xì)胞侵襲能力,明膠酶譜法檢測(cè)基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)活性。結(jié)果S100A6-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞的S100A6 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)呈濃度、時(shí)間依賴性明顯下調(diào),穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)呈濃度依賴性明顯減少。12.5 nmol/L的S100A6-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h的S100A6 mRNA表達(dá)從對(duì)照組的(100±0.3)%降到(15.3±0.2)%(P<0.01);S100A6蛋白的表達(dá)從(83.2±0.18)%降到(13.5±0.12)%(P<0.01);穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)從(44.5±2.2)個(gè)降到(7.6±1.5)個(gè)(P<0.05)。同時(shí),S100A6-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞的MMP-9活性明顯下調(diào)。結(jié)論抑制S100A6基因表達(dá)可抑制胰腺癌細(xì)胞侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移,其機(jī)制可能與下調(diào)MMP-9活性有關(guān)。
胰腺腫瘤; S100A6; 腫瘤侵潤(rùn); 基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶類
S100蛋白家族是一個(gè)有21個(gè)成員的鈣結(jié)合蛋白家族,S100A6蛋白是其成員之一。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),S100A6蛋白在一些實(shí)體瘤如大腸癌、肺腺癌和骨肉瘤中高表達(dá),且與癌細(xì)胞侵襲有關(guān)。同樣,S100A6在胰腺癌中高表達(dá),而癌旁組織無(wú)表達(dá)[1-2],且與癌細(xì)胞侵襲及不良預(yù)后密切相關(guān)[3-5],但其分子機(jī)制尚不清楚。本研究以靶向S100A6基因小干擾RNA(siRNA)轉(zhuǎn)染胰腺癌BxPC3細(xì)胞,觀察其對(duì)胰腺癌細(xì)胞侵襲的影響,探討其可能的機(jī)制。
一、細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及轉(zhuǎn)染
人胰腺癌BxPC3細(xì)胞株為本院組織細(xì)胞生物庫(kù)凍存,常規(guī)培養(yǎng)傳代。取1.0×105個(gè)對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期細(xì)胞接種于24孔培養(yǎng)板,1 ml/孔。待細(xì)胞達(dá)到70%融合時(shí),分為對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體組和S100A6-siRNA組。S100A6-siRNA根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[5]設(shè)計(jì),靶點(diǎn)區(qū)域?yàn)锳AGCTGCAGGATGCTGAAATT,由美國(guó)Dharmacon公司合成。應(yīng)用LipofectamineTM2000(美國(guó)Invitrogen公司)將不同濃度(3.125、6.25、12.5 nmol/L) 的S100A6-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞,按說明書操作。對(duì)照組未經(jīng)任何處理;脂質(zhì)體組僅在培養(yǎng)液中添加LipofectamineTM2000。每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。轉(zhuǎn)染后24、48、72 h分別采用胰酶消化收集細(xì)胞。
二、胰腺癌細(xì)胞S100A6 mRNA 和蛋白的檢測(cè)
收集的細(xì)胞以Trizol抽提總RNA。取總RNA 1 μg,以oligo dT(15 mer)為引物逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA,以此cDNA為模板進(jìn)行定量PCR,步驟和PCR反應(yīng)條件參照文獻(xiàn)[6]。S100A6上游引物5′-AAGCTGCAGGATGCTGAAAT-3′;下游引物5′-CCCTTG-AGGGCTTCATTGTA-3′。GAPDH為內(nèi)參。mRNA表達(dá)的定量方法參照文獻(xiàn)[6]。
收集各組細(xì)胞,提取細(xì)胞總蛋白,常規(guī)行蛋白質(zhì)印跡法檢測(cè)S100A6蛋白的表達(dá),以β-actin為內(nèi)參。利用Kodak Digital Science 1D圖像分析軟件測(cè)定條帶灰度值,以S100A6與β-actin條帶的灰度百分值作為S100A6蛋白的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
三、體外侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)
使用BD公司生產(chǎn)的濾膜包被Matrigel的侵襲小室。上、下室各加入37℃的無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)液0.5 ml,置培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)靜置2 h后棄培養(yǎng)液。上室分別加入500 μl無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)基懸浮的2.5×104/ml的各組BxPC3細(xì)胞,下室加入500 μl含10%FBS的培養(yǎng)基。將侵襲小室置于24孔培養(yǎng)板內(nèi)常規(guī)培養(yǎng)48 h。每組3個(gè)小室。用棉拭子去除上室未穿膜細(xì)胞,用4%甲醛固定濾膜30 min,PBS漂洗2次,0.5%結(jié)晶紫染色30 min,PBS沖洗。隨機(jī)選擇5個(gè)200倍視野,計(jì)算總細(xì)胞數(shù),取3個(gè)小室的均值表示腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲能力。
四、MMP-9活性檢測(cè)
采用明膠酶譜方法檢測(cè)。收集50 μl培養(yǎng)上清,加入10 μl樣品緩沖液,混勻后不加熱直接在含1 mg/ml明膠蛋白的10%聚丙烯酞胺凝膠上行垂直電泳。電泳結(jié)束后將凝膠置于培養(yǎng)皿中,加入100 ml 2.5%Triton-X 100振蕩,重復(fù)洗6次,每次5 min。再用Tris-HCl緩沖液(pH7.4)沖洗3次,每次5 min。之后將凝膠放入反應(yīng)液中[50 mmol/L Tris(pH 7.4)、200 mmol/L NaCl、10 mmol/L CaCl2)]置37℃培養(yǎng)24 h,考馬斯亮藍(lán)R250染色4 h后用脫色液(30%甲醇、10%冰醋酸)脫色,直至出現(xiàn)明顯、清晰的負(fù)染酶帶。
五、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
一、S100A6-siRNA對(duì)BxPC3細(xì)胞S100A6 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)的影響
S100A6-siRNA組細(xì)胞的S100A6 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)呈濃度和時(shí)間依賴性降低(P值均<0.01,表1)。
表1 BxPC3細(xì)胞S100A6 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)的變化
注:與脂質(zhì)體組比較,aP<0.01;S100A6-siRNA組間比較,bP<0.01
二、S100A6-siRNA對(duì)BxPC3細(xì)胞侵襲力的影響
培養(yǎng)48 h后,對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體組及3.125、6.25、12.5 nmol/L S100A6-siRNA組的穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)分別為(44.5±2.2)、(43.8±2.1)、(28.6±1.6)、(15.6±1.8)、(7.6±1.5)個(gè)(圖1),S100A6-siRNA呈濃度依賴性減少穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)量(P<0.05)。
圖1 對(duì)照組(a)和S100A6-siRNA組(b)的穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)量
三、S100A6-siRNA對(duì)細(xì)胞MMP-9活性的影響
S100A6-siRNA組細(xì)胞的MMP-9活性較對(duì)照組顯著下降(圖2)。
圖2 對(duì)照組和S100A6-siRNA組細(xì)胞的MMP-9活性
與S100蛋白家族其他成員一樣,S100A6蛋白具有EF雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)的氨基酸序列(手型Ca2+結(jié)合區(qū))。當(dāng)此區(qū)與Ca2+結(jié)合后,S100蛋白構(gòu)象就發(fā)生改變,暴露出其與靶蛋白結(jié)合的位點(diǎn),進(jìn)而通過相應(yīng)的靶蛋白發(fā)揮其生物學(xué)效應(yīng)[6]。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)以靶向S100A6的siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染胰腺癌BxPC3細(xì)胞,結(jié)果顯示轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞S100A6 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)明顯下降,且細(xì)胞侵襲能力明顯降低,說明S100A6的下調(diào)可抑制胰腺癌細(xì)胞的惡性侵襲能力。
腫瘤侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移過程是瘤細(xì)胞從原發(fā)瘤脫離后向周圍和(或)遠(yuǎn)處組織侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移的過程,涉及瘤細(xì)胞穿過細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)(extra celluar matrix,ECM)、血管壁基底膜及穿出血管壁進(jìn)入微環(huán)境的過程。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),癌細(xì)胞侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移能力與其誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生蛋白酶降解ECM和基底膜的能力密切相關(guān)[7-8]。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[9-10],MMPs在胰腺腺癌細(xì)胞的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移中起重要的作用。本結(jié)果顯示,S100A6-siRNA組癌細(xì)胞的MMP-9活性明顯下降,提示MMP-9參與了S100A6對(duì)胰腺癌細(xì)胞侵襲的調(diào)控。至于其內(nèi)在的分子機(jī)制,尚需要進(jìn)一步深入研究。
[1] Ishii A,Suzuki M,Satomi K,et al.Increased cytoplasmic S100A6 expression is associated with pulmonary adenocarcinoma progression.Pathol Int,2009,59:623-630.
[2] Luo X,Sharff KA,Chen J,et al.S100A6 expression and function in human osteosarcoma.Clin Orthop Relat Res,2008,466:2060-2070.
[3] Vimalachandran D,Greenhalf W,Thompson C,et al.High nuclear S100A6 (Calcyclin) is significantly associated with poor survival in pancreatic cancer patients.Cancer Res,2005,65:3218-3225.
[4] Ohuchida K,Mizumoto K,Ishikawa N,et al.The role of S100A6 in pancreatic cancer development and its clinical implication as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.Clin Cancer Res,2005,11:7785-7793.
[5] Nedjadi T,Kitteringham N,Campbell F,et al.S100A6 binds to annexin 2 in pancreatic cancer cells and promotes pancreatic cancer cell motility.Br J Cancer,2009,101:1145-1154.
[6] Salama I,Malone PS,Mihaimeed F,et al.A review of the S100 proteins in cancer.Eur J Surg Oncol,2008,34:357-364.
[7] Deryugina EI,Quigley JP.Matrix metalloproteinases and tumor metastasis.Cancer Metastasis Rev,2006,25:9-34.
[8] Duffy MJ,McGowan PM,Gallagher WM.Cancer invasion and metastasis:changing views.J Pathol,2008,214:283-293.
[9] Giannopoulos G,Pavlakis K,Parasi A,et al.The expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 and their tissue inhibitor 2 in pancreatic ductal and ampullary carcinoma and their relation to angiogenesis and clinicopathological parameters.Anticancer Res,2008,28:1875-1881.
[10] Pryczynicz A,Guzińska-Ustymowicz K,Dymicka-Piekarska V,et al.Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in pancreatic ductal carcinoma is associated with tumor metastasis formation.Folia Histochem Cytobiol,2007,45:37-40.
2010-07-05)
(本文編輯:呂芳萍)
EffectsofS100A6genesilenceoninvasionofhumanpancreaticcarcinomacell
WANGXiao-yan,ZHOUYong-jing,GONGDan-dan,XUYa-ping,XUMin,FANYu.
CancerInstitute,AffiliatedPeople′sHospital,JiangsuUniversity,Zhenjiang212002,China
FANYu,Email:yuf36@sina.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of S100A6 gene on invasion of human pancreatic cancer cell and possible mechanism.MethodsHuman pancreatic cancer BxPC3 cell line was transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting S1006 gene, the mRNA and protein levels of S100A6 were determined by real time RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively. The invasion ability was evaluated by Transwell chamber. The matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-9) activity of cancer cells was examined by gelatin zymography.ResultsThe levels of mRNA and protein of S100A6 were greatly reduced in a dose and time dependent manner, the number of penetrating cells was greatly reduced in a dose dependent manner. The expression of S100A6 mRNA in 12.5 nmol/L of S100A6 siRNA transfected group decreased from (100±0.3)% in control group to (15.3±0.2)%; while the expression of S100A6 protein decreased from (83.2±0.18)% to (13.5±0.12)%; the number of penetrating cells decreased from 44.5±2.2 to 7.6±1.5(P<0.01). The MMP-9 activity of siRNA group reduced significantly.ConclusionsS100A6 siRNA can inhibit the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through down-regulation of MMP-9.
Pancreatic neoplasms; S100A6; Neoplasms invasiveness; Matrix metalloproteinases
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2011.04.010
鎮(zhèn)江市社會(huì)發(fā)展基金(SH2009204)
212002 江蘇鎮(zhèn)江,江蘇大學(xué)附屬人民醫(yī)院腫瘤研究所(王曉燕、周永靜、龔丹丹、許亞平、范鈺);江蘇大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院消化科(徐岷)
范鈺,Email:yuf36@sina.com