連詞that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),本身無意義,在從句中只起連接作用,不擔(dān)任任何句子成分,不含有疑問語氣,有時(shí)可以省略。下面按名詞性從句的語法分類,對(duì)that在其中的用法進(jìn)行比較和分析。
一、主語從句
(1)that在主語從句中只是引導(dǎo)詞的作用,不作甸子成分,不能省略。
例如:That you are coming to London isthe best news I have heard this long time.
(2)如果主語從句太長,可以用it作形式主語代替that主語從句,以達(dá)到平衡句子的作用。此時(shí)的that也不能省略。
例如:
It’s unlikely that he’ll come.
It’s a fact that they won the game.
It seems that he has known the truth.
It’s reported that there will be a stormtomorrow.
二、表語從句
That在引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)沒有詞義,不含疑問意義。在口語中,有時(shí)可以省略。
例如:
The trouble is(that)they have lost theirway.
Her wish is that she could lose weightsoon.
三、同位語從句
That在引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)無詞義,不作句子成分。不含疑問意義。
例如:
The news that he went abroad is nottrue.
Word came that Professor Lee wouldcome to our school.
The fact that women can word as well asmen is clear.
四、賓語從句
That在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),只起引導(dǎo)詞的作用,在句中不做語法成分。在口語中和非正式文體中可以省略。
例如:
I’ll prove to the world that he was right.
She always complains that he is down onher.
這類從句一般不能作介詞賓語,但是在in,but,except,besides等少數(shù)介詞后可以使用,形成固定搭配。
例如:
I’ll go with you,except that I have toword that day.
Men differ from brutes in that they earlthink and speak.
That引導(dǎo)的賓語從句不能省略的情況:
1. 如果賓語從句過長,可以用it充當(dāng)形式賓語代替賓語從句。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中That不能省略。
I think it wrong that he didn’t tell thetruth.
We took it for granted that he will takeover his father’s job.
I hate it when people talk with theirmouths full.
2. 幾個(gè)賓語從句并列時(shí),從第二個(gè)開始的賓語從句中的That不能省略,或者句子結(jié)構(gòu)很復(fù)雜有多個(gè)狀語時(shí),或者謂語動(dòng)詞與That之間有插入語時(shí),That不能省略。
例如:She promised(that)she would come andsee him sometimes,and that she would neverforget him.
We decide,as he has suggested.that wewill start out tomorrow.
作者單位:河南省沈丘縣第一高級(jí)