姜經(jīng)志
一、用live或stay填空。
1. Please ____ until I came back.
2. My grandfather and grandmother ____ in the country.
3. They ____ in the hotel these days.
[Key: 1.stay 2.live 3.stay]
【辨析】live, stay這兩個(gè)詞都有“居住,停留”之意,但它們?cè)谟梅ㄉ嫌兴煌?/p>
⑴live意為“長(zhǎng)期居住”,“家住某處”。例如:
——Where does she live? 她住在哪里?
——She lives in Mexico City. 她住在墨西哥城。
They live in the next room. 他們住在隔壁房間。
live還有“生活”之意。例如:
Do you live with your parents? 你和你的父母生活在一起嗎?
We live on the earth. 我們生活在地球上。
⑵stay意為“停留”,“短期逗留”。例如:
We stay at home on Sundays. 星期日我們待在家里。
Why not stay for lunch? 為什么不留下來(lái)吃午飯呢?
Mr. Green stays with his friends. 格林先生和他的朋友們暫住在一起。
二、用want或think填空。
1. I ____ she is at school now.
2. I ____ to play football now. What about you?
3. Excuse me, but I dont ____ you are right.
[Key: 1.think 2.want 3.think]
【辨析】want和think均為動(dòng)詞,都有“想”的意思,但它們?cè)谟梅ㄉ嫌兴煌?/p>
⑴want意為“想”,“想要”,后面可接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)詞不定式(to do)作賓語(yǔ)。例如:
I want a new computer. 我想要一臺(tái)新電腦。
I have two pencils. Do you want one? 我有兩枝鉛筆。你想要一枝嗎?
I want to go home now. 我現(xiàn)在就想回家。
⑵think意為“想”,后面常接代詞或賓語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)。例如:
I think so. 我也這樣認(rèn)為。
Excuse me, but I dont think you are right. 對(duì)不起,我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)。
三、用interesting或fun填空。
1. This movie is very ____.
2. This little dog is full of ____.
[Key: 1.interesting 2.fun]
【辨析】interesting和fun都有“有趣的”的意思,但是它們?cè)谟梅ㄉ嫌兴鶇^(qū)別。
⑴interesting著重強(qiáng)調(diào)“令人感興趣的”,作表語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)通常是物。作定語(yǔ)時(shí),既可修飾人,也可修飾物。例如:
The film is very interesting. 那部電影很有趣。
This is an interesting book. 這是一本有趣的書。
Mr. Brown is a very interesting man. 布朗先生是一個(gè)很有趣的人。
⑵fun主要是指“供人娛樂(lè)的”,“令人愉快的”。例如:
My favorite subject in school is P.E. Its fun. 在學(xué)校我最喜歡的學(xué)科是體育。它很有趣。
【特別提醒】fun可以用作名詞,而interesting則不行。例如:
What fun it is to swim in summer!夏天游泳是多么開心??!
四、用and 或with填空。
1. Jeff ____ George are good friends.
2. Do you go to school ____ your friends?
3. Whats four ____ seven?
[Key: 1.and 2.with 3.and]
【辨析】and與with都有“和”的意思,但它們?cè)谟梅ㄉ蠀s有所不同。
⑴and是連詞,連接兩個(gè)并列的句子成分。當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)人或事物作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
She and I are in the same class. 她和我在同一個(gè)班。
⑵with是介詞,后面常跟名詞或賓格代詞,在句中一般只作狀語(yǔ)。例如:
Hes up there in the tree with Bill. 他和比爾在那兒的樹上。
with短語(yǔ)位于主語(yǔ)之后時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與with前面的名詞或代詞在數(shù)上保持一致。例如:
Tom with his friends goes to school. 湯姆和他的朋友們一起去上學(xué)。
Li Ming with his parents is at home today. 李明今天和他的父母一起在家。
五、用on, across from, next to或between…and 完成下列句子。
1. 學(xué)校在書店的對(duì)面。
The school is ____ the bookshop.
2. 我坐在他旁邊。
I sit ____ him.
3. 我們把這個(gè)書桌放在床和椅子之間。
Lets put the desk ____ the bed ____ the chair.
4. 墻上有一些畫。
There are some pictures ____ the wall.
[Key: 1.across from 2.next to 3.between; and 4.on]
【辨析】這幾個(gè)詞語(yǔ)均用來(lái)表示位置,但用法有別。
⑴on 作介詞,常用于表示方位和地點(diǎn),側(cè)重指緊貼著某物,意為“在……上面”。例如:
There are some flowers on the teachers desk. 在教師的講桌上有一些花。
There is a map of China on the wall. 墻上有一張中國(guó)地圖。
注意:在美式英語(yǔ)中,表示“在街上”用介詞on,但在英式英語(yǔ)中,則常用介詞in。例如:
The Greens live on(in) Wall Street. 格林一家住在華爾街上。
Their house is on(in) that street. 他們家就在那條街上。
⑵across from 相當(dāng)于介詞,在美式英語(yǔ)中表示“在……的對(duì)面;在……的對(duì)側(cè)”,表示此含義時(shí),在英式英語(yǔ)中也可以只用across。例如:
The pay phone is across from the library. 公用電話就在圖書館的對(duì)面。
Can you see the shop across from the river? 你能看到河對(duì)岸的商店嗎?
⑶next to 相當(dāng)于介詞,意為“緊挨著,緊靠著”。例如:
There is an airport next to the park. 有個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)緊挨著那個(gè)公園。
The pay phone is next to the post office. Go along and turn left, youll see it.
公用電話緊挨著郵局。你向前走,往左拐就能看到它。
⑷between…and 意思是“在……和……之間”,用于表示兩者間。between是介詞,后接人稱代詞時(shí),該人稱代詞必須用賓格形式。例如:
The library is between the hotel and the supermarket. 圖書館在旅館和超市之間。
You sit between him and me. 你坐在我和他之間。
注意:between 后面也可以接代表兩者的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞。例如:
The video arcade is between two shops. 電子游戲中心在兩個(gè)商店之間。
They are twins. I cant tell the difference between them.
他們是雙胞胎,我看不出他們之間的區(qū)別。
六、用cross, across, through或pass填空。
1. Go ____ the bridge, and you can find the video arcade on the right.
2. Please be careful when you ____ the street.
3. The sunlight(陽(yáng)光) comes in ____ the window.
4. Do you often ____ their school?
[Key: 1.across 2.cross 3.through 4.pass]
【辨析】這幾個(gè)詞都有“經(jīng)過(guò),穿過(guò)”之意,但它們?cè)谟梅ㄉ嫌兴煌?/p>
⑴cross 通常用作及物動(dòng)詞,后接賓語(yǔ)。如:cross a river/a bridge/a street… “過(guò)河(橋、街……)”;有時(shí)cross 也用作不及物動(dòng)詞。例如:
They cross over to the other side of the river. 他們過(guò)河到了對(duì)岸。
⑵across是介詞。例如:
We walked across the field. 我們穿過(guò)了田地。
A boy helped a blind man across the street. 一個(gè)小男孩幫助盲人過(guò)馬路。
Wheres the nearest bridge across the river? 過(guò)河最近的橋在哪兒?
⑶through也是介詞。through與across均可表示在一定范圍內(nèi)從一邊穿過(guò)到另一邊,但兩者的用法有區(qū)別。表示動(dòng)作是在物體的表面穿過(guò)時(shí),多用across;表示從物體中間通過(guò)或穿過(guò)時(shí),多用through。例如:
I drew a line across the page. 我在這一頁(yè)上畫了一條橫線。
Lets walk through the forest. 讓我們穿過(guò)這片森林。
⑷pass作“通過(guò)、經(jīng)過(guò)”解時(shí)是動(dòng)詞。例如:
I often pass her house. 我經(jīng)常從她家經(jīng)過(guò)。
Turn right after you pass the post office. 經(jīng)過(guò)郵局后向右拐。
Im sorry to hear that you cant pass the exam. 聽說(shuō)你沒(méi)能通過(guò)考試,我很難過(guò)。
七、用arrive, get 或reach填空。
1. They will ____ Beijing tomorrow morning.
2. Well ____ home at five oclock in the afternoon.
3. What time can you ____ at the post office?
[Key: 1.reach 2.get 3.arrive]
【辨析】arrive, get 和reach 三者都有“到達(dá)”之意,但用法不同。
⑴arrive 作“到達(dá)”解時(shí),是比較正式的用語(yǔ),用作不及物動(dòng)詞,后面要接介詞in或at,構(gòu)成及物性的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,然后才能接名詞作賓語(yǔ)。arrive in后面接表示洲、國(guó)家、大城市等大地方的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。例如:
When does the train arrive in London? 火車什么時(shí)候到達(dá)倫敦?
arrive at后面常接表示較小地方的名詞,如車站、學(xué)校、村莊、飯店、郵局、機(jī)場(chǎng)等。例如:
We arrive at the airport by taxi. 我們乘出租車到機(jī)場(chǎng)。
⑵get 也是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,若表示“到達(dá)一個(gè)地方”,其后應(yīng)用介詞to,再接地點(diǎn)名詞。get to是非正式用語(yǔ),在口語(yǔ)中可代替arrive at/in或reach。例如:
What time does the plane get to New York? 這架飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候到達(dá)紐約?
⑶reach表示“到達(dá)”之意時(shí),是正式用語(yǔ),作及物動(dòng)詞用,其后可直接接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。例如:
They reach school at half past six in the morning. 他們?cè)缟狭c(diǎn)半到校。
表示達(dá)到某一年齡、數(shù)量或高度時(shí),一般用reach。例如:
He will reach forty next year. 他明年就四十歲了。
The apple is too high. I cant reach it. 那個(gè)蘋果太高了,我夠不到。
【特別提醒】get或arrive后面接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞時(shí),則不需要跟介詞。例如:
我怎樣才能到達(dá)那里?
[誤]How can I get to there?
[誤]How can I arrive in/at there?
[正]How can I get/arrive there?
八、用avenue, street, road或way填空。
1. Can you tell me the ____ to the post office?
2. Go along the Second ____, and youll find the bookshop on the left.
3. This is the ____ to my village.
4. You mustnt play football in the ____.
[Key: 1.way 2.Avenue 3.road 4.street]
【辨析】這幾個(gè)詞都可以表示“路,街道”,但其用法有不同。
⑴avenue 指“大路、大街、林蔭路”,指長(zhǎng)而廣闊的街道,兩邊有列樹或華麗的宅邸或建筑物。在特指美國(guó)的大街時(shí),南北走向的叫avenue, 東西走向的叫street。例如:
Go along the Fifth Avenue. 沿著第5大街走。
There is a beautiful park on the Seventh Avenue. 第七大街上有個(gè)漂亮的公園。
⑵street “街、街道”,指村落或城市中兩邊有房屋、商店等的道路,城市指市區(qū)街道。例如:
I saw her in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看見了她。
⑶road “路、道路”,指通車輛的寬廣平坦的大路。例如:
Dont play on the road. 不要在馬路上玩耍。
The road is too narrow for two buses to go through at the same time.
兩輛公共汽車同時(shí)過(guò)時(shí)這條路太窄了。
⑷way 指“道路、路線、路途”,常作比喻用法、比較抽象,詞組:by the way 順便問(wèn)一下,on the/ones way to… 在去……的路上、在……途中。例如:
Excuse me. Which is the way to the station, please? 打擾了,請(qǐng)問(wèn)到車站的路怎么走?
They are on their way to school now. 他們正在去上學(xué)的路上。
九、用like, love或enjoy填空。
1. Please ____ your dinner.
2. I ____ my mother.
3. ——Do you ____ English?
——Yes, I do.
[Key: 1.enjoy 2.love 3.like]
【辨析】三個(gè)詞均有“喜歡”的意思,但用法有所不同。
⑴like “喜歡、喜愛”(程度輕),普通用詞,后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式,主要指對(duì)某人或某物的喜愛,但無(wú)強(qiáng)烈的感情和迫切的愿望。常用句型:like doing/to do sth.。例如:
Everyone in China likes Mid-autumn Festival. 在中國(guó),每個(gè)人都喜歡中秋節(jié)。
⑵love “熱愛、愛、愛戴”(程度重),指帶有強(qiáng)烈感情,深切的依戀,語(yǔ)意比like強(qiáng),反義詞為hate。例如:
They love each other. 他們彼此相愛。
We love our great motherland. 我們熱愛我們偉大的祖國(guó)。
⑶enjoy “喜愛,享受……的樂(lè)趣,玩得高興”(重在情趣),強(qiáng)調(diào)享受其中的樂(lè)趣,表示滿足感。常用句型:enjoy doing sth. 喜歡干某事,enjoy oneself 玩得高興。例如:
My father enjoys listening to the radio. 我爸爸愛聽廣播。
Did you enjoy yourselves last night? 昨晚你們過(guò)得愉快嗎?
十、用take或in/on填空。
1. They ____ a bus to work every day.
2. I usually go to school ____ foot.
3. Do you go to the park ____ a car?
[Key: 1.take 2.on 3.in]
【辨析】⑴take乘(車、船等),強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的動(dòng)作或某一班次、某一路車等,結(jié)構(gòu)為“take+限定詞+交通工具”。例如:
take the subway 乘地鐵;take the No. 1 bus 乘一路公交車;take a taxi乘出租車。
He often takes the No. 10 bus to school. 他經(jīng)常乘10路車去上學(xué)。
⑵“in/on+限定詞+交通工具”,表示具體的交通方式,作狀語(yǔ)。限定詞主要有:冠詞a/an/the,指示代詞this/that和物主代詞my, your, his, her等,一般來(lái)說(shuō)無(wú)廂、無(wú)艙的只用on。如:on the bike, 其他的既可用in, 也可用on。如:on(in) the plane, 但in the car 只能用in不能用on。還有一特例,步行用on foot。例如:
My father usually goes to work in his car. 爸爸通常開車去上班。
He often goes to school on his bike. 他經(jīng)常騎自行車上學(xué)。