陳 靜
同學(xué)們好!我叫一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),在時(shí)態(tài)家族中,我是老大哥。在英語中,我的應(yīng)用最廣泛,是你們學(xué)習(xí)英語語法的重點(diǎn)。
一、如果同學(xué)們想要找我,請(qǐng)到下面三個(gè)地方去找:
1)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。eg:
I go to school on foot. 我步行去上學(xué)。
He is very busy now. 他現(xiàn)在非常忙。
2)表示主語的特征、性格、能力、愛好等。eg:
He can swim. 他會(huì)游泳。
I like watching TV. 我喜歡看電視。
3)表示客觀真理。eg:
There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。
The moon moves round the earth. 月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。
二、我的結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語序,也就是“主語+謂語+其它”,有時(shí)為了起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,我常常把時(shí)間狀語提到前面。我的句式變化可分為兩種情況:
1)表示動(dòng)作,一般人稱作主語的,變否定句時(shí)須在動(dòng)詞前面加助動(dòng)詞dont;變一般疑問句時(shí)須在句首加助動(dòng)詞do。eg:
They have lunch at 12:00.→
They dont have lunch at 12:00.
Do they have lunch at 12:00?
2)第三人稱單數(shù)作主語的,變否定句時(shí)須在動(dòng)詞前面加助動(dòng)詞doesnt,動(dòng)詞恢復(fù)原形;變一般疑問句時(shí)須在句首加助動(dòng)詞does,動(dòng)詞恢復(fù)原形。eg:
Jenny speaks English very well.→
Jenny doesnt speak English very well.
Does Jenny speak English very well?
3)含有be動(dòng)詞的要在be上做變化。eg:
Danny is a good student.→
Danny isnt a good student.
Is Danny a good student?
三、我的時(shí)間狀語多為often, usually, always, sometimes等頻率副詞,on Saturdays, in the morning(afternoon evening), every day等。
四、有些同學(xué)在和我交朋友時(shí),總是犯這樣或那樣的錯(cuò)誤,現(xiàn)以用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空題型為例,進(jìn)行一一說明。eg:
1)be動(dòng)詞與行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中
例:We are plant(plant) the trees in spring.
答案:plant
解析:學(xué)生往往會(huì)用漢語的思維方式去翻譯,就成了“我們是在春天植樹”。這是學(xué)習(xí)英語最忌諱的,要看語法是不是正確,在英語中,be表狀態(tài),do表動(dòng)作,兩種動(dòng)詞不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中,可記住如下口訣:“英漢語言有差異,be、do不能放一起,仔細(xì)琢磨細(xì)分析,語法千萬要牢記?!?/p>
2)單三人稱形式易出錯(cuò)
例:1. He plaies(play) football very well.
2. Danny gos(go) to school at 7:10.
答案:1.plays 2.goes
解析:1.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加-es; 2.與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不同,變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加-es。
3)在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)
例:1. Does Jenny has(has) a good friend?
2. Brian doesnt lives(not live) in China.
答案:1.Does; have 2.doesnt live
解析:?jiǎn)稳朔Q作主語的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)作句式變化時(shí),可記住如下口訣:“見助動(dòng),用原形”。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中。eg:
He didnt go home yesterday.
4)對(duì)do的理解易出錯(cuò)
例:We dont(not do) our homework in the afternoon.
答案:dont do
解析:do是一個(gè)比較難理解的詞,它有三個(gè)含義: a)是所有行為動(dòng)詞的總稱;b)是助動(dòng)詞,無實(shí)際意義;c)是一個(gè)具體的行為動(dòng)詞,意為“做,干”。此句中給出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň?,故須在do前加助動(dòng)詞dont。
5)對(duì)主語的數(shù)的判斷有誤
例:Li Ming with me are(be) in Beijing.
答案: is
解析:從表面看是“我和李明兩個(gè)人在北京”,但with在此作伴隨狀語,不能作主語,故用is。
另外,賓語從句中,從句部分若是表示客觀真理,不管主句是何時(shí)態(tài),從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,主句表將來,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
【小試牛刀】
一、單項(xiàng)填空
1. Jenny ____ in an office.Her parents ____ in a hospital.
A. work; works B. works; work C. work; are working D. is working; work
2. One of the boys ____ a black hat.
A. have B. there is C. there are D. has
3. We will go shopping if it ____ tomorrow.
A. dont rain B. didnt rain C. doesnt rain D. isnt rain
4. He said the sun ____ in the east and ____ in the west.
A. rose; set B. rises; sets C. rises, set D. rise; sets
5. Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
A. like; listen B. likes; listens C. like; are listening D. liking; listen
二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. I can take Li Ming there when he ____(come) to visit.
2. ____ your sister ____(know) English?
3. ____ she ____(do) the housework every day?
4. Who ____(want) to go swimming?
5. Where ____ you ____(have) lunch every day?
Key: 一、1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 二、1.comes 2.Does; know 3.Does; do 4.wants 5.do; have