ZHAO Cai-Lian, YANG Qi-Wen, HU Jia-Rui, YE Ding, GONG Wu-Ming, Lü Hai-Ying XU Zong-Yun, ZHANG Xun-Pu*, SONG Ping,*

(1. Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; 3. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, South Central Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China)

Identification ofzRAP55，a gene .preponderantly expressed in StagesⅠandⅡ oocytes of zebrafish

ZHAO Cai-Lian1,2, YANG Qi-Wen2, HU Jia-Rui3, YE Ding2, GONG Wu-Ming2, Lü Hai-Ying1, XU Zong-Yun2, ZHANG Xun-Pu1,*, SONG Ping2,*

(1.Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070,China;2.Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China;3.Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, South Central Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, China)

In anin silicosearch for gonand specific expressed genes, we have identified zRAP55 which is enriched in the ovary of zebrafish . zRAP55 encodes a protein of 382 amino acids with a highly conserved Lsm domain. zRAP55 protein shares more than 56% identities with that of other vertebrate species. RT-PCR results show that it is predominantly expressed in the ovary.In situhybridization and immunohistochemistry studies reveal thatzRAP55is ubiquitously dispersed throughout the cytoplasm of stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ oocytes, whereas no expression is observed in stages Ⅲ andⅣ oocytes. As an RNA associated protein,zRAP55might function in the control of protein translation at the early stages of oogenesis in zebrafish.

Lsm domain;zRAP55; Oogenesis; Immunohistochemistry; Zebrafish

Specialized cells called germ cells are the only ones that can give rise to an entirely new organism (Cinalli et al, 2008). Both types of the egg cells and the sperm cells are created from germ cells undergoing a particular program of meiosis and differentiation (Matova & Cooley, 2001) (Matova & Ooley, 2001). We already know that oocyte-specific factors play essential roles during oogenesis, folliculogenesis, fertilization and early embryonic development (Au et al, 2008). In addition, the abnormal expression of these genes may lead to deviant oogenesis or early embryonic development, it therefore seems important to screen and investigate oocyte-speci-fied genes.

Several genes that have been cloned and characterized are specifically or preponderantly expressed in gonads and they may play crucial roles in oogenesis and spermatogenesis (Suzuki, 2000; Gu et al, 2005; Mo et al, 2005; Zhou et al, 2006; Draper et al, 2007; Li et al , 2007; Wang et al, 2007). We show here that zebrafishRAP55(zRAP55, RNA-Associated Protein with a Molecular Mass of 55 k) is specifically expressed at early stages ofⅠ and Ⅱ oocytes in the female adult zebrafish.

The zRAP55 protein contains an Lsm domain, which is conserved in the Sm-like proteins, Lsm domain associates with small nuclear RNA to form the core domain of the ribonucleoprotein particles responsible for RNA processing including pre-mRNA splicing, telomere replication and mRNA degradation (Bachellerie & Cavaille, 1997; Belfort & Weiner, 1997; Albrecht & Lengauer, 2004). InXenopus laevis, domain analyses reveal that the Lsm domain of RAP55 protein is essential for the localization to P-bodies and translational repression (Tanaka et al, 2006). InDrosophila, the N-terminal Lsm domain of EDC3 protein is important for mRNA decapping (Tritschler et al, 2007). Our results suggested thatzRAP55is predominantly expressed in the ovary, where it is specifically expressed in stages Ⅰand Ⅱ oocytes.zRAP55might contribute to the regulation of protein translation at the early stages (Ⅰand Ⅱ) of oogenesis.

1 Materials and Methods

1.1 Animals

Adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were raised and maintained on a 14/10 h light/dark cycle at 28.5℃ and staged as previously described (Kimmel et al, 1995; Wang et al, 2005). Adult male New Zealand white rabbits were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of Wuhan University.

1.2 In silico subtraction

A software was programmed by our lab to search some previously uncharacterized genes that were specifically or predominantly expressed in germ cells of zebrafish or mouse (Gu et al, 2005; Mo et al, 2005; Li et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2007). By the same way, a gene which is preponderantly expressed in ovary of zebrafish was identified in this paper.

1.3 RT-PCR

Total RNA was isolated from the various tissues of the adult zebrafish. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out to observe the expression ofzRAP55mRNA in these organizations by using the following primers: zRAP55RTf (5′-tgc tat tgt cca gtc ttc tgt cgg-3′) and zRAP55RTr (5′-ttc tgg tct tcg atc tct ttc tcc-3′) (Song et al, 1999).

1.4 Bioinformatics analysis of zRAP55

The nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence ofzRAP55were analyzed using the NCBI blast N server, ensembl blast X server, Tmpred program, Compute tools and EXPASY Proteomics respectively. Multiple alignments were carried out by using software Clustal W (Thompson et al, 1994).

1.5 Expression of zRAP55 fusion protein and preparation of its antiserum

Primers were designed based on the nucleotide sequence of zRAP55 (The GenBank accession number: NM_200171): zRAP55F (5′-agc gga act ccc tac atc-3′) and zRAP55R (5′-ctc gta ggc agc acc aaa ccc-3′), with EcoRI and XhoI sites on them, the PCR product was inserted into pGEX-6P-1 expression vector to generate fusion proteins. The bacterial culture was induced with IPTG (final concentration is 1 mmol/L), then the recombinant GST-fusion proteins were purified to raise antiserum by immunization of rabbit (Koyano et al, 1997; Li et al, 2007).

1.6 In situ hybridization and western blots

Whole mountin situhybridization (WISH) and western blots are conducted as standard protocol (Mo et al, 2005; Yang et al, 2010). Fluorescent doublein situhybridization was performed essentially as described (Jowett, 2001).

1.7 Immunohistochemistry

The ovary tissue was isolated from adult zebrafish and fixed in 4% PFA/PBS (pH 7.2) for 24 h at 4℃. Sections of 18 μm were prepared and were rinsed three times for 5 min with PBST (PBS with 1‰ Triton X-100 and 5% serum of newborn calf) and then subsequently blocked with PBS with 10% serum of newborn calf for 2 hr. The sections were incubated in the blocking solution containing the primary antibody (1:100) overnight at 4℃. Controls were incubated with similarly diluted preimmune serum. The sections were then washed with PBST for 4 times at least 10 min each. Thereafter, they were incubated with the FITC-labeled goat anti–rabbit IgG antibody (diluted 1:500; Proteintech Group, Inc. China. Product # 00003-2) overnight at 4℃. Finally, sections were rinsed again with PBS for four times mounted using vectashield (Vector Laboratories, Inc. U.S.A .Product # H-1000) and observed under a Leica fluorescence microscope.

2 Results

2.1 Genomic structure analysis of zRAP55

The cDNA ofzRAP55is 1699 nucleotides in length and contains an open reading frame of 1,149 nucleotides, with a 115 bp 5′untranslated region (5′UTR) and a 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of 435 bp, and the 3′untranslated region contains a polyadenylation signal (AATAAA) (Fig. 1).ThezRAP55gene consists of nine exons and eight intervening introns, which span approximately 13.9 kb (997242-1011149 bp) on the zebrafish chromosome 23. The exon/ intron structure of the gene is determined by comparison of the cDNA to the genomic sequence at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and the exon–intron boundaries strictly agree with the ‘‘GT-AG’’ rule (Tab. 1).The open reading frame initiates in exon 1 and stops in exon 8 (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of zRAP55 gene and its encoded protein

2.2 Predicted protein sequence analysis of zRAP55

The predicted zRAP55 protein contains 382 amino acids with a molecular weight of 41.55 k and the theoretical isoelectric point is 10.11. A transmembrane region is predited at amino acids 124 - 142.

Multiple sequence alignment reveals that the zRAP55 protein shares high sequence identities with several known protein, includingXenopus tropicalis(59.7%),Mus musculus(57.3%),Homo sapiens(57.2%) andRattus(56.7%). The Lsm domain is highly conserved (Fig. 2). Comparative analysis on protein sequence of Lsm domain from different species, we found that the Lsm domain from zRAP55 shares 92.5% identities with the Lsm domain fromMus musculus,Homo sapiensandRattus. Further, Lsm domain of zRAP55 shares the high homology (91% identity) with that ofXenopus tropicalis. In addition, the glutaminerich region was only identified in the zRAP55 protein but not in the proteins from other species (Mus musculus, Xenopus tropicalis, Homo sapiensandRattus).

2.3 The expression of zRAP55 mRNA in adult zebrafish tissues

Tab. 1 The Exon-Intron analysis of zRAP55

By analyzing the tissue distribution ofzRAP55mRNA using RT-PCR, we identified that thezRAP55mRNA is abundantly present in ovary and very weak in kidney and liver, but not in brain, testis and heart (Fig. 3).

Fig. 2 Multiple protein sequence alignment in different species

Fig. 3 The RT-PCR analysis of zRAP55 expression in multiple tissues

To analysis thezRAP55expression level in the ovary, whole mount double fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) was carried out , the signal was obviously appeared in early stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ oocytes. But there existed no detectable signals throughout the stages of Ⅲ and Ⅳ oocytes (Fig. 4A-C). Whole mountin situhybridization (WISH) with DIG-labeled RNA probes also denoted the significant expression ofzRAP55in stages of Ⅰ and Ⅱ and fade in older stages (Fig. 4D).

2.4 The expression of zRAP55 protein

For the investigation of zRAP55 protein expression in ovary of zebrafish, an antibody panel with epitopes spread over the zRAP55 protein (Fig. 2) was selected and the rabbit polyclonal antibody zRAP55 was raised against amino acids 3 - 244 of the zebrafish zRAP55.

Analysis of the distribution characteristic of zRAP55 protein in ovary by fluorescence immunohistochemistry revealed thatzRAP55is highly expressed in early stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ oocytes and the signal is evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm (Fig. 5B, C and D). with the progression of oocyte growth, no signal could be detected in stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ oocytes, same result was got by whole mount immunohistochemistry using the intact ovary (Fig. 5E). In western blots, the band of 41.55 k was specifically recognized in ovary but absent from other tissues (Fig. 5F).

3 Discussion

Fig. 4 The expression of zrap55 and zebrafish nanos mRNA in ovary of adult zebrafish

Fig. 5 The expression of ZRAP55 protein in ovary of adult zebrafish

Oocyte development in the ovary can be divided into four stages in zebrafish (Selman et al, 1993; Zeng & Gong, 2002). Stage Ⅰ is a stage of primary growth when the large nucleus (germinal vesicle) is surrounded by cytoplasm. Stage Ⅱ (cortical alveoli stage) is characterized by the appearance of cortical alveoli and the enrichment of vitelline envelope. In stage Ⅲ(vitellogenic stage), yolk proteins and yolk bodies with crystalline yolk appear in oocytes. In stage Ⅳ(maturation stage), the yolk becomes non-crystalline as they undergo final meiotic and the eggs are able to fertilize. At present, some oocyte-specific genes which expressed in early oocyte development have been cloned and they play essential roles during early oogenesis and embryonic development in the zebrafish (Koyano et al, 1997; Ramachandra et al, 2007). For example, Nanos1 is expressed in early stage oocytes (stage Ⅰ) and is required for the continued production of oocytes in zebrafish (Draper et al, 2007). XSox3 protein is specially expressed in Ⅰ and Ⅱ oocytes and may be concerned with early oogenesis as a transcription factor (Koyano et al, 1997). Our results indicated that thezRAP55is expressed at the early stages of oogenesis (stages I andⅡ ）(Fig. 5) .Thus,zRAP55is likely to play a role at early stages of oogenesis in zebrafish.

Sm and Sm-like proteins of the Lsm (like Sm) domain family are suggested to function in RNA-processing tasks. Five novel groups of Lsm domain proteins (Lsm12 - 16) with long C-terminal tails were discovered and all of them were commonly involved in RNA metabolism. Lsm14 is part of mRNP particles and exclusively found in oocytes (Lieb et al, 1998). RAP55 mediates translational repression through its Lsm domain which recruits RAP55-bound mRNAs to specific sites for translational repression in the oocytes (Albrecht & Lengauer, 2004). The RNA-binding Sm and Sm-like proteins are characterized by mRNA decapping and pre-mRNA splicing activities (Bravo et al, 2005). Recently it is testified that RAP55 is oocyte-specific as a component of ribonucleoprotein particles.Xenopus RAP55is observed in the oocytes and early embryos and its N-terminal region including the Lsm domain plays an important role for the localization to P-bodies and translational repression (Tanaka et al, 2006). It is possible thatzRAP55is involved in regulation of protein translation in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ oocytes.zRAP55gene can also be used as an ideal molecular marker at the early stages of oogenesis.

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在斑馬魚Ⅰ和Ⅱ期卵母細胞中優(yōu)勢表達基因zRAP55的鑒定

趙彩蓮1,2，楊啟文2，胡珈瑞3，葉 鼎2，龔午鳴2，呂海英1，徐宗蕓2，張訓(xùn)蒲1,*，宋 平2,*

(1. 華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 水產(chǎn)學(xué)院，武漢 430070；2. 武漢大學(xué) 生命科學(xué)學(xué)院分子遺傳與發(fā)育實驗室，武漢 430072；3. 武漢大學(xué)中南醫(yī)院 婦產(chǎn)科，武漢 430071）

通過性腺特異性表達基因的篩選，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個在斑馬魚卵巢中富集的基因zRAP55。zRAP55蛋白由382個氨基酸組成并含有一個高度保守的Lsm區(qū)。zRAP55蛋白與其他脊椎動物一致性在56%以上。RT-PCR結(jié)果表明，zRAP55優(yōu)勢表達于卵巢中。原位雜交和免疫組織化學(xué)結(jié)果表明：在Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期卵母細胞中，zRAP55的陽性信號強烈，均勻地分布于整個細胞質(zhì)中，但是在Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期卵母細胞中均檢測不到信號。作為一個RNA相關(guān)蛋白，zRAP55可能在早期卵母細胞中具有調(diào)節(jié)蛋白質(zhì)翻譯的重要作用。

Lsm區(qū)；zRAP55；卵母細胞；免疫組織化學(xué)；斑馬魚

Q959.468;Q133;Q786

A

0254-5853-(2010)05-0469-07

2010-03-15；接受日期：2010-08-11

國家基礎(chǔ)研究項目(2004CB117400)；國家自然科學(xué)基金(30150005；30270675)

趙彩蓮，E-mail：cailian305@yahoo.com.cn

10.3724/SP.J.1141.2010.05469

date: 2010-03-15; Accepted date: 2010-08-11

s: This investigation was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (2004CB117400); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30150005; 30270675)

*通訊作者(Corresponding authors)，E-mail：pingsongs@gmail.com