彭桓武

1915.10.6～2007

物理學(xué)家。原籍湖北麻城，生于吉林長(zhǎng)春。1935年畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)。1940年獲英國(guó)愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國(guó)科學(xué)院理論物理研究所研究員、所長(zhǎng)、名譽(yù)所長(zhǎng)。英國(guó)皇家愛(ài)爾蘭科學(xué)院院士。主要從事理論物理基礎(chǔ)和應(yīng)用研究并取得顯著成就。回國(guó)前研究固體理論、介子理論和量子場(chǎng)理論。回國(guó)后研究輕原子核理論，對(duì)分子結(jié)構(gòu)提出新的處理方法，并對(duì)鋼錠快速加熱工藝問(wèn)題作過(guò)理論的應(yīng)用研究，結(jié)果與同時(shí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)符合。在反應(yīng)堆理論與工程方面作過(guò)初期的培訓(xùn)工作。幫助過(guò)核工廠制定臨界安全規(guī)定。參與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國(guó)第一代原子彈和氫彈的理論研究設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)也作出了具體的重要貢獻(xiàn)。近來(lái)對(duì)量子多體問(wèn)題提出了自洽場(chǎng)的推廣理論。

1955年選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Physicist. Born in Changchun, Jilin Province. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1935. Received Ph.D. from Edinburgh University, UK in 1940.Research professor, director and honorary director, Institute of Theoretical Physic, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Member of the Royal Irish Academy,Dublin.

Peng has been mainly engaged in the basic and applied studies of theoretical physics and has made significant achievements. While abroad, he worked on quantum theory of solids, mesons and fields. After he returned to China, he worked on quantum theory of light nuclei, proposed a new scheme to study the structure of molecules and did some theoretical studies on the fast heating of steel-ingots with results in agreement with those of the concurrent experimental studies. He helped,during the initial stage, to train scientists and engineer in nuclear reactor theory and engineering. He assisted some factories to formulate the critical safey regulations. While participating in directing the theoretical research and design of China's first atomic and hydrogen bombs, he also made some definite important contributions. Recently, he proposed a general theory of self-consistent field for the treatment of quantum many-body problem.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

1905.12.20～1998.12.28

物理學(xué)家。江蘇灌云人。1929年畢業(yè)于北京師范大學(xué)。1940年在巴黎大學(xué)獲法國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國(guó)科學(xué)院聲學(xué)研究所研究員、所長(zhǎng)、名譽(yù)所長(zhǎng)。開(kāi)創(chuàng)了中國(guó)水聲學(xué)和國(guó)防水聲學(xué)研究，創(chuàng)建、組織和直接領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了有關(guān)研究工作，創(chuàng)建好發(fā)展了中國(guó)第一支水聲科技隊(duì)伍，為中國(guó)物理學(xué)研究、國(guó)防科技和科學(xué)事業(yè)的發(fā)展做出了突出貢獻(xiàn)。40年代在大小離子平衡態(tài)研究方面取得出色成果，被稱(chēng)為“郎之萬(wàn)—汪德昭—布里加理論”。數(shù)十年來(lái)在聲學(xué)諸多方面取得獨(dú)創(chuàng)性成果。

1955年選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Phsicist. Born in Guanyun, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Beijing Normal University in 1929. Received France national doctor degree in Paris University in 1940. Research professor, director and honorary director, Institute of Acoustics，Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Wang opened up the research of Chinese underwater acoustics and defense underwater acoustics. He established,organized and directly led the research work, and set up and developed the first team of Chinese underwater acoustics science and technology. He made significant contributions to the research of Chinese physics and the development of national defenes science and technology.He obtained a significant achievement in the research of the equilibrium of big and small ions, which was named “Langevin-Wang Dezhao-Bricard's theory”. He made original results in several aspects in the past decades.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

汪德昭

吳文俊

1919.5.12～

數(shù)學(xué)家。上海人。1940年畢業(yè)于上海交通大學(xué)。1949年獲法國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)博士學(xué)位?，F(xiàn)任中國(guó)科學(xué)院系統(tǒng)研究學(xué)研究所研究員、名譽(yù)所長(zhǎng)。國(guó)際純粹數(shù)學(xué)與應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)中國(guó)中心首席主席。中國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)機(jī)械化研究的創(chuàng)始人。50年代在示性類(lèi)、示嵌類(lèi)等研究方面的取得一系列突出成果（即“吳文俊公式”、“吳文俊示性類(lèi)”等）。近年來(lái)創(chuàng)立了定理機(jī)器證明的“吳方法”，影響巨大，它將引起數(shù)學(xué)研究的方式的變革。

1955年選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Mathematician. Born in Shanghai. Graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1940. Received Docteur es Sciences of France in 1949. Research professor and honorary director,Institute of Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Wu is the originator in the research of mathematics mechanization in China. In the 1950s, he made outstanding achievements in Characteristic classes and imbedding classes(Wu's Formulas, Wu's classes, etc.). Recently, he has invented Wu's Method to prove geometry theorems by computers,which will bring about the reformation of mathematical research methods.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

葛庭燧

1913.5.3～2000.4.29

金屬物理學(xué)家。山東蓬萊人。1937年畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)（理學(xué)士）。1940年燕京大學(xué)理碩士。1937年畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)（理學(xué)士）。1940年燕京大學(xué)理碩士。1943年獲美國(guó)加州大學(xué)（伯克利）物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位。隨后在麻省理工學(xué)院光譜實(shí)驗(yàn)室、輻射實(shí)驗(yàn)室和芝加哥大學(xué)金屬研究所進(jìn)行研究。1949年回國(guó)，任清華大學(xué)物理系教授，中國(guó)科學(xué)院應(yīng)用物理所、金屬所研究員，固體物理所所長(zhǎng)、名譽(yù)所長(zhǎng)。主要長(zhǎng)期從事固體內(nèi)消耗，晶體缺陷和力學(xué)性質(zhì)等方面的研究，是固體內(nèi)消耗研究領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)始人之一。在內(nèi)消耗理論、實(shí)驗(yàn)研究、儀器研制等方面取得多項(xiàng)出色成果，作出了開(kāi)創(chuàng)性貢獻(xiàn)，因此榮獲“內(nèi)耗與超生衰減國(guó)際獎(jiǎng)”。首創(chuàng)了“葛型扭擺”首先發(fā)現(xiàn)“葛式峰”，首先提出“晶界無(wú)序原子群模型”和“位錯(cuò)氣團(tuán)彎結(jié)模型”，奠定了非線性滯彈性這一新學(xué)科的實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。

1955年選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Metal physicist. Born in Penglai, Shandong Province.Received BS from Tsinghua University in 1937, MS from Yanjing University in 1940 and Ph.D. in physics from University of California at Berkeley, USA in 1943. Did research at MIT Spectroscopy Laboratory and Radiation Laboratory from 1943 to 1945 and Institute for the Study of Metals of Chicago University from 1945 to 1949. Returned to China in 1949.Professor of physics, Tsinghua University, research professor ,Institute of Applied Physics and honorary director, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Ge has carried out research mainly on internal friction,lattice defects and mechanical properties of solids. He is one of the founders of the research on internal friction in solids. He has achieved numerous outstanding results in the theoretical and experimental research on internal friction and the development of scientific instruments, and made creative contributions for which he was awarded the International Prize on Internal Friction and Ultrasonic Attenuation in 1989.He was the first to set up the “Ke Pendulum”, discover the “Ke Peak” and propose the “Disordered Atomic Group Model of Grain Boundary” and the “Kink establishing the experimental foundation of the mew discipline of nonlinear anelasticity.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.