句子:臨時借用一下自行車,好嗎? 很快就還你。
誤譯:May I borrow your bike temporarily? Ill return it to you soon.
正譯:May I borrow your bike? Ill return it to you soon.
解釋:to borrow 的意思是to take sth from sb to use temporarily,即“暫時使用別人的物品或金錢”。to borrow 已包含 temporarily(暫時)的意思。漢語用“臨時”二字,是強調(diào)“暫時使用,不會長期使用”。許諾“用完后會立即歸還”。因此,“臨時”二字不必譯出,可以省略temporarily。
“臨時”的第一個意思是“暫時”或“非正式的”,當形容詞用。英語可以譯為temporary,強調(diào)“不是永久的”。例如: 1. 你可以睡覺時好好想一想,再決定是否要接受這個臨時工作。You can sleep on it before you decide whether you are going to take the temporary job.
interim強調(diào)“過渡性的”。例如:2. 市政府已對環(huán)境保護采取重大臨時步驟。The municipal government has taken a vital interim step towards environmental protection.
provisional強調(diào)“是要變化的”。例如:3. 我們需要為預備會議準備一份臨時性報告。We need to prepare a provisional report for the preparatory meeting.
makeshift強調(diào)“替代的事物”。例如:4. 這些業(yè)余演員在一個用木板搭的臨時舞臺上表演。These amateur actors gave a performance on a makeshift stage of wood planks.
“臨時”的第二個意思是“臨到事情發(fā)生的時候”,當副詞用。英語可以譯為 at the time when sth happens, at the last moment。例如:
5. 事先準備好,省得臨時著急。You should take precautions so that you may not be worried at the time when something happens.
6. 他平日不努力,考試前才臨時抱佛腳。As he doesnt work hard on usual days, he has to make a frantic effort at the last moment before the exam.▲(本欄目供稿:王逢鑫教授)