八、句首短語(yǔ)和后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤

按照英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，句首短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和后面句子的主語(yǔ)一致，否則很容易產(chǎn)生歧義。為了避免歧義，句首短語(yǔ)應(yīng)改用從句。例如:

原句Even as a boy， the teacher thought he was hopeless at maths.

只說(shuō)出“當(dāng)小時(shí)候時(shí)”，但沒(méi)有說(shuō)明“誰(shuí)”小時(shí)候，很容易產(chǎn)生歧義。

修改:Even as he was a boy， the teacher thought he was hopeless at maths.

原句At the age of ten， his father died and the family couldn’t afford his school education.

修改:When he was ten， his father died and the family couldn’t afford his school education.

九、主謂一致錯(cuò)誤

主要體現(xiàn)在形式為復(fù)數(shù)、意義為單數(shù)的名詞(如mathematics，physics，economics，news等)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)用為復(fù)數(shù)以及either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤等方面。

原句Of all the subjects， physics are the most interesting. We all like it.

physics 是復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)含義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。

修改:Of all the subjects， physics is the most interesting. We all like it.

原句Not only my parents but also my brother enjoy taking a walk after supper.

either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also....等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。

修改:Not only my parents but also my brother enjoys taking a walk after supper.

十、并列結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用

主要體現(xiàn)在并列連詞前后的內(nèi)容不一致、不平行。例如:

原句Thomas Edison not only was a famous scientist but also he was a great inventor.

not only...but also...連接的一定是并列成分，即并列分句、并列主語(yǔ)(謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等)。

修改:Thomas Edison was not only a famous scientist but also a great inventor.

原句Mr. Wang is our English teacher. He often makes his lessons interesting and humour.

and前后的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)詞性不一致，humour是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞humorous。

修改:Mr. Wang is our English teacher. He often makes his lessons interesting and humorous.

十一、句子成分殘缺不全或表達(dá)重復(fù)、不簡(jiǎn)潔

原句Recently we have had a heated discussion about whether a mobile phone should be brought to school and our opinions as follows.

and后面的并列句缺少助動(dòng)詞are。

修改:Recently we have had a heated discussion about whether a mobile phone should be brought to school and our opinions are as follows.

原句My friend Li Hua is always ready to help others. He often does he can do to help others.

該句有兩處錯(cuò)誤，賓語(yǔ)從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞和賓語(yǔ)what;為了避免重復(fù)，do應(yīng)省去。

修改:My friend Li Hua is always ready to help others. He often does what he can to help others.

練一練:改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤。

1. Li Ming is very kind and he always speaks to others very friendly.

2. At that time， a woman was very hard to admit to a college.

3. To pass the entrance examination， working hard is important every day.

4. Under his help， I finished my homework in time.

5. Peter has been in China for six years and he can speak the Chinese very well.

6. Above all， having sports regularly can greatly benefit the students in both his health and study.

7. Great changes have taken place in our country since the 1980.

8. At the age of twelve， his family moved to New York where he continued his writing.

9. I still remember the chemical works I once worked with Mr. Li.

10. It is wrong to regard either their work as totally good or as completely bad.

11. Neither they nor he have hung the pictures upside down.

12. Tom didn’t raise when the teacher came into the classroom.

答案與解析:

1. friendly是形容詞，不是副詞，應(yīng)改為:Li Ming is very kind and he always speaks to others in a very friendly way.

2. admit表示“準(zhǔn)許加入”、“接收”時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞;整個(gè)句子的表達(dá)也不符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，應(yīng)使用形式主語(yǔ)it:At that time， it was very hard for a woman to be admitted to a college.

3. 目的狀語(yǔ)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致。應(yīng)改為:To pass the entrance examination， we must work hard every day.

4. “在……的幫助下”用with one’s help/with the help of... 應(yīng)改為:With his help/With the help of him， I finished my homework in time.

5. 語(yǔ)言的名稱前不加冠詞。應(yīng)改為:Peter has been in China for six years and he can speak Chinese very well.

6. his與前面的the students不一致。應(yīng)改為:Above all， having sports regularly can greatly benefit the students in both their health and study.

7. 表示“20世紀(jì)80年代”應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。應(yīng)改為:Great changes have taken place in our country since the 1980s.

8. 句首短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)和后面句子的主語(yǔ)不一致。應(yīng)改為:When he was twelve， his family moved to New York where he continued his writing.

9. 定語(yǔ)從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，即關(guān)系副詞where。應(yīng)改為:I still remember the chemical works where I once worked with Mr. Li.

10. either...or... 應(yīng)該連接并列成分。應(yīng)改為:It is wrong to regard their work either as totally good or as completely bad.

11. 主謂一致錯(cuò)誤。應(yīng)改為:Neither they nor he has hung the pictures upside down.

12. 動(dòng)詞誤用，不及物動(dòng)詞rise才可表示“起身”。應(yīng)改為:Tom didn’t rise when the teacher came into the classroom.

編輯/梁宇清