建制只有百年的青島,以其寬廣的胸懷包容了多種宗教和文化。從西方的基督教、天主教,到中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的佛教和道教,都在青島的歷史中留下深深的印記……至今,西部老城區(qū)的上空還飄蕩著教堂的鐘聲,城市之東的“海上名山第一”嶗山是中國(guó)的道教名山,而掩映在群山翠綠之中的湛山寺,則用它的暮鼓晨鐘訴說(shuō)著歲月的匆匆。
湛山寺位于青島太平山東麓,是中國(guó)近代興建的最后一批佛教名剎之一,也是青島市區(qū)惟一的佛寺。1931年夏天,南京國(guó)民政府交通部長(zhǎng)葉恭綽(解放后任全國(guó)政協(xié)委員,中國(guó)畫(huà)院院長(zhǎng))和佛學(xué)家周叔迦等來(lái)青島避暑,見(jiàn)到道教盛行,佛寺罕見(jiàn),決定募捐要在青島建造寺廟。建造湛山寺的工程自1934年4月開(kāi)工,1945年全部竣工,歷經(jīng)5期。
湛山寺坐北向南,是一座五進(jìn)院落。依地勢(shì)北高南低,拾階而上,第一進(jìn)為山門(mén)。山門(mén)外臺(tái)階右側(cè)有放生池,小橋石欄,風(fēng)景頗秀。山門(mén)前有一對(duì)石獅,傳說(shuō)是明代青州衡王府遺物,寺院正門(mén)橫匾書(shū)有“湛山寺”。步入門(mén)內(nèi)依中軸線而行,寺院第二進(jìn)為天王殿,供奉彌勒菩薩;第三進(jìn)為大雄寶殿,是全寺主殿,供奉佛教創(chuàng)始人釋迦牟尼、文殊菩薩、普賢菩薩。第四進(jìn)為西方三圣殿,門(mén)上有“海印遺風(fēng)”匾額,是為紀(jì)念明末高僧憨山大師,殿內(nèi)供阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢(shì)至菩薩。第五進(jìn)為藏經(jīng)樓。寺內(nèi)佛像皆為杭州陸啟塑造,多姿多態(tài),栩栩如生。后有東西兩院,有海印堂、功德堂、方丈室等建筑。
湛山寺的藏經(jīng)樓內(nèi)珍藏了《龍藏》、《續(xù)藏》、《大正藏》、《百納藏》等佛經(jīng)六千余卷,其中有宋代金銀書(shū)《妙法蓮華經(jīng)》,十分珍貴,趙樸初先生稱贊此經(jīng):“天雨曼陀羅,到眼光爛漫。端嚴(yán)雜流麗,書(shū)法殊精湛。明人補(bǔ)缺處,筆態(tài)隔霄漢,諦視亦可珍,精誠(chéng)有一貫,斯寶世所稀,不獨(dú)一市冠?!彼麻T(mén)橫額“湛山寺”及東西墻上“法輪大轉(zhuǎn)”、“佛日增輝”等語(yǔ),皆由倓虛法師手書(shū)。
寺前有石砌蓮花放生池,寺院東南側(cè)山丘上建有7級(jí)浮屠,名“藥師琉璃光如來(lái)寶塔”,常稱“藥師塔”?;掖u灰瓦、古樸莊嚴(yán),塔內(nèi)部有五層,可登塔遠(yuǎn)望。1995年,重新裝修八角七層的“藥師琉璃光如來(lái)寶塔”,精工制造金色銅質(zhì)藥師佛像千尊;從中國(guó)臺(tái)灣請(qǐng)來(lái)鋁制紅體金色佛像塔兩座,一并供設(shè)奉在塔內(nèi)。寶塔在寺之東南,與寺呼應(yīng),背山面海,水光山影,壯觀秀麗,為青島十景之一“湛山清梵”,從而使湛山寺有“北方叢林明珠”之譽(yù)。
湛山寺由現(xiàn)代名僧倓虛法師住持(1875-1963年)所創(chuàng)建。1934年至1945年間,倓虛法師任湛山寺住持達(dá)11年之久,倓虛是天臺(tái)宗第四十四代法嗣。湛山寺建立之初,創(chuàng)辦了“青島湛山佛教學(xué)?!?,國(guó)內(nèi)道德高僧多來(lái)此講學(xué),造就出一批弘揚(yáng)佛法的人才。湛山寺辦學(xué)期間,弘一大師曾來(lái)此講學(xué),關(guān)于他的軼事流傳至今。弘一,是中國(guó)著名文學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家李叔同出家為僧的法號(hào),是中國(guó)研究律學(xué)的名僧。相傳,弘一大師在湛山寺講學(xué)期間,慕名來(lái)訪者,絡(luò)繹不絕。當(dāng)時(shí)的青島市長(zhǎng)沈鴻烈慕名訪見(jiàn),被弘一拒絕,此后沈鴻烈又設(shè)齋宴請(qǐng),又遭拒絕。弘一大師一心向佛,不趨炎附勢(shì)、攀高結(jié)貴,由此可見(jiàn)一斑。 湛山寺現(xiàn)任方丈明哲法師,84歲,師從圓瑛大師,畢業(yè)于中國(guó)佛學(xué)院,兼任中國(guó)佛教協(xié)會(huì)常務(wù)理事,山東省佛教協(xié)會(huì)名譽(yù)會(huì)長(zhǎng),青島市佛教協(xié)會(huì)名譽(yù)會(huì)長(zhǎng),山東省七屆政協(xié)委員和青島市政協(xié)委員。
湛山寺三面依山,南眺大海,地處風(fēng)景佳地,周圍風(fēng)光秀麗、游人不斷。湛山寺尤以農(nóng)歷四月初八浴佛節(jié)廟會(huì)游人最多,莊嚴(yán)的宗教儀式和繁榮的經(jīng)貿(mào)活動(dòng)為湛山寺帶來(lái)了融融的春意;著名作家郁達(dá)夫還曾稱贊道“湛山一角夏如秋?!毕募荆@里綠陰匝地,海風(fēng)習(xí)習(xí);秋季,這里海風(fēng)瑟瑟,霜葉如染,紅葉鋪地,柳塘、寺院、主塔、松月,是賞秋佳地。
Zhanshan Temple is a Buddhist temple in Qingdao. It is located on the southern side of Zhanshan (literally \"clear\" or \"deep mountain\"), facing the sea.
The monastery was built in 1945 and is an active, functional Buddhist sanctuary. Apart from the Stupa and the Olympic Mascot Bell Tower, located on the right-hand side of the grounds, the remaining buildings are arranged in a rectangular format. To the right of the entry portal is one of the several Buddhist scripture shops. Here, incense sticks and other Buddhist supplies are available for purchase. Adjacent to the scripture shop is a Bell Tower with the first of many statues of Buddha. At the right of the entry is the Drum Tower with another Buddha. Returning to the central path, directly ahead is the Heavenly King Hall. The large Buddha, which is the focal point of this shrine, is flanked by four large statues, one depicting a pipa player. Directly behind Heavenly King Hall is the larger Hall of Sakyamuni,which honors the founder of Buddhism, the son of a king of the Sakya clan of the Kshatriya (i.e. Warriors). In this magnificent hall, a large, central Buddha is flanked by two smaller statues, each attended by eight priests. Behind the Hall of Sakyamuni is the Hall of Three Saints. In the center of the hall are three large, gilded statues, each about twelve feet in height. Continuing along the central path, the next building is the Preaching Hall. To the left of Preaching Hall is the Hall of the Recumbant Buddha, where, behind a long, gilded altar, a gilded, bejeweled statue of Buddha stretches out almost twenty feet in length. Opposite the Hall of the Recumbant Buddha is the Shandong Zhanshan Buddhist College. To the right of the Hall of the Recumbant Buddha is the headquarters of the Qingdao Buddhist Association, Tiantai sect. Exiting the monastery grounds, one passes the Olympic Mascot Bell.