徐瑤華

英語中表示“傷害”的詞主要有hurt, injure, wound和harm,它們的含義各有不同。

hurt

hurt 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),表示“肉體上、精神上受到傷害”,側(cè)重于“傷痛”的意味;作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),則表示“疼痛”,與ache意義相當(dāng)。

例1He hurt his back while playing football.他在踢足球時(shí)弄傷了背。

例2What really hurt was that he never answered my letter. 真正使我傷心的是他從不回信。

例3His leg hurts/aches. 他的腿疼。

hurt還可以作名詞,指“心靈創(chuàng)傷”和“委屈”。

例4There was hurt and anger in her voice. 她的聲音中充滿委屈和憤怒。

injure

injure是及物動(dòng)詞,表示“在意外或事故中受傷”,多指外貌、身體功能方面的損失;還可表示“自尊、名譽(yù)受到損害”。

例5He injured his knee while playing basketball. 他在打籃球時(shí)傷了膝蓋。(這里也可以用hurt,但hurt強(qiáng)調(diào)“疼痛感”,injure則強(qiáng)調(diào)“意外”以及“功能的損失”)

例6Two people were injured in the traffic accident. 這起交通事故中有兩人受傷。(表示“事故中受傷”只能用injure,不能用hurt)

例7This could seriously injure the companys reputation. 這會(huì)嚴(yán)重地?fù)p害公司的名譽(yù)。

wound

wound是及物動(dòng)詞,特指“在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上、戰(zhàn)斗中受傷”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷”;也可指“使心靈受傷,傷感情”,此時(shí)與hurt意義相當(dāng)。

例8The soldier was wounded in the chest. 這名士兵的胸口受傷了。

例 9She felt deeply wounded by his cruel remarks. 他刻薄的話深深地傷害了她。

wound也可以作可數(shù)名詞,表示“(身體上的)傷、傷口”或“武器造成的傷”,如a leg wound, a bullet wound;還可以指“心靈上的創(chuàng)傷”,多用于書面語言。

例10Seeing him again opened up old wounds. 再次見到他揭開了舊傷口。

harm

harm 是及物動(dòng)詞,指“給人或事物造成各種各樣的傷害”,可以是人身的傷害,也可以是對(duì)某事物或某人的不良影響。這種“傷害”往往不是具體的,而是“抽象”的。

例11He would never harm anyone. 他從來不會(huì)傷害別人。

例12Pollution can harm marine life. 污染會(huì)對(duì)海洋生物產(chǎn)生危害。

例13Low-priced imports will harm the industry. 低價(jià)的進(jìn)口商品將會(huì)危害這一產(chǎn)業(yè)。

harm還可以作不可數(shù)名詞,表示“傷害”。

例14He would never frighten anyone or cause them any harm. 他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)嚇?；騻θ魏稳?。

【牛刀小試】

1. His headbadly when he got up in the morning.

A. wounded B. hurt C. harmed D. injured

2. Twelve people werein the explosion last week.

A. injured B. harmed C. wounded D. damaged

3. Many children in that country werein the war.

A. injured B. harmed C. hurt D. wounded

4. What he saidme deeply.

A. injure B. harm C. wound D. hurt

5. His deedsthe companys reputation.

A. injured B. hurt C. harm D. wounded

【參考答案】

1. B (“身體上的疼痛”用hurt表示)

2. A (“在意外事故中受傷”用injure表示)

3. D (“戰(zhàn)爭中受傷”用wound表示)

4. D (wound和hurt都可表示“使精神上受到傷害”,但句中應(yīng)用過去時(shí),排除wound)

5. A (“使名譽(yù)受到損害”用injure表示)