呂吉爾

許多同學(xué)會(huì)將whoever和who混淆,這主要是沒(méi)有辨清whoever一詞的基本含義及其用法所致。whoever有三種含義,與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的用法也有三種。

(1) 表示“……的那個(gè)人”,相當(dāng)于anyone who/that。此時(shí),whoever具有連接詞的功能,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。

例1Whoever told you that was lying. 誰(shuí)對(duì)你說(shuō)這話(huà),誰(shuí)就是在撒謊。

例2Ill give my ticket to whoever wants it. 誰(shuí)要我的票,我就把票給誰(shuí)。

例3Whoever you respect will respect you as well. 你尊重別人,別人也會(huì)尊重你。

從上述例句可以看出,whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),兼有先行詞anyone和關(guān)系代詞who兩個(gè)功能。此時(shí),主句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)由whoever中隱含的anyone擔(dān)任;而whoever中包含的who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾anyone。

如例1,Whoever told you that was lying相當(dāng)于Anyone who told you that was lying,whoever包含的anyone是was lying的主語(yǔ),who told you that修飾anyone。

假如將例1改為Who told you that was lying,則句子不成立。who引導(dǎo)的從句who told you that意為“誰(shuí)告訴你那件事的”,這是個(gè)疑問(wèn),“疑問(wèn)”是不會(huì)撒謊的,撒謊的應(yīng)該是“告訴你那件事的人”。要使句子表達(dá)正確,who前面必須有先行詞anyone,此時(shí)who引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。

事實(shí)上,who 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),整個(gè)從句在主句中作一定的成分。比如:Who will give you a new class is unknown一句中,從句who will give you a new class作主句的主語(yǔ)。這點(diǎn)和whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)有著根本區(qū)別。

在判斷不清用whoever還是who來(lái)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),可以從句意角度去考慮,也可以通過(guò)分析在主句中擔(dān)任成分的是否為整個(gè)從句來(lái)判斷。

(2) 表示“無(wú)論誰(shuí),不管什么人”,相當(dāng)于no matter who。此時(shí),whoever用做連接代詞,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

whoever在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)與引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別在于,讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的whoever不擔(dān)任主句的句子成分,而名詞性從句中的whoever則兼任主句的成分。

例4Whoever says so, it is wrong. 不管誰(shuí)這樣說(shuō),這都是錯(cuò)的。

例5Whoever it is, I dont want to see him. 不管什么人,我都不想見(jiàn)。

例6Whoever you marry, make sure he can cook. 不管你跟誰(shuí)結(jié)婚,他一定要會(huì)做飯才行。

(3) 意為“究竟是誰(shuí)”,常用來(lái)表示驚訝,用做疑問(wèn)代詞,是疑問(wèn)代詞who的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。這種情況下whoever也可以分寫(xiě)為who ever。此時(shí),whoever引導(dǎo)的不是從句,而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的疑問(wèn)句,且加強(qiáng)了疑問(wèn)的語(yǔ)氣;可與who互換,但who的語(yǔ)氣要弱一些。

例7Whoever told you such a stupid story? 究竟是誰(shuí)告訴你這么愚蠢的事?

例8Whoever could that be at this time of night? 這么晚了,究竟會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢?

【牛刀小試】

1. Give the books toneeds them for the English class and the writing class.

A. whomever B. whom C. who D. whoever

2.telephones, tell him Im out.

A. Whom B. Whoever C. Who D. No matter

3. Womendrink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than thosedont.

A. who; whoever B. whoever; who

C. who; who D. whoever; whoever

4.will give us a talk is unknown to us all.

A. Whomever B. Who C. Anyone D. No matter who

5.has finished the work ahead of time will be rewarded though we dont knowit will be.

A. Those who; that B. Anyone; whoever

C. Whoever; who D. No matter who; who

6. “ could have dreamed of such a thing?” I asked in great surprise.

A. Whoever B. Anyone whom

C. No matter who D. Whose

【參考答案】

1. D (此句相當(dāng)于Give the books to anyone who needs ...)

2. B (根據(jù)句意“不論誰(shuí)來(lái)電話(huà)”,選B。whoever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于no matter who)

3. C (此句兩空考查定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞均為人,故用who引導(dǎo))

4. B (句意為“誰(shuí)將給我們作報(bào)告還是未知的”,who引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在主句中作主語(yǔ))

5. C (whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句;who引導(dǎo)know的賓語(yǔ)從句)

6. A (whoever作為疑問(wèn)詞who的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式)