仲海霞

我們在做題時經(jīng)常會遇到此類題目:原來的句式結(jié)構(gòu)或原動詞短語等被某些成份分隔,或出于語法上的需要而使其從原結(jié)構(gòu)中分離出來,從而增強了試題中選項的干擾性,加大了試題的難度。碰到此類題目時,不能被表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑,必須從句子的整體結(jié)構(gòu)去理解,看清試題的本來面目。本文擬將常見的幾種分隔現(xiàn)象例析如下:

一、被動語態(tài)使原動詞短語分隔

1. If better use is _______your spare time, youll make greater progress in playing table tennis.

A. spentB. takenC. made ofD. used for

析:此題正確答案為C。乍一看,選C似乎不可思議,認為“be made of”應是“由……制成”之意。實質(zhì)上此題考查的是短語“make (better) use of”的用法,(better) use被提到句首充當條件句的主語,因此謂語動詞用被動式。

2. More attention should be paid_______good habits of reading fast.

A. for formingB. to form

C. to formingD. in forming

析:不少學生誤選A,認為pay常與for 連用。其實此題考查的是短語“pay attention to…”。attention成了被動句的主語,故此題選C。

二、定語從句使得原句式結(jié)構(gòu)分離

3. You can never imagine what great trouble I have had_______the patient injured in the accident.

A. treatB. to treatC. treatingD. treated

析:正確答案為C。此題通過定語從句把“ have (what great ) trouble (in) doing sth.” 結(jié)構(gòu)分離開,what great trouble 作為定語從句的先行詞,后面省略了在從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that / which 。

4. Thats the best way we should think of_______ the badly wounded soldier.

A. helpingB. support

C. operatingD. to save

析:此題可能很多學生會錯選A,其關(guān)鍵就是沒有搞清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和命題者的意圖。此題旨在考查“think of the best way to save…”結(jié)構(gòu)。通過定語從句將the best way 從原結(jié)構(gòu)中分離出來,從而加大了題目的難度。正確答案應該是D。

三、復合疑問句中的分隔現(xiàn)象

5.—I havent heard from him for a long time.

—What do you suppose_______to him?

A. was happeningB. to happen

C. has happenedD. had happened

析:粗心者十有八九會選B。原因是不了解此結(jié)構(gòu)是復合疑問句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是:“疑問詞+ 一般問句 + 特殊問句的其余部分”,這類問句主要用來征詢對某一觀點的判斷,認識,看法,猜度等。在這種問句中,一般問句部分常見的動詞有think, believe, suppose, guess, say, hope, imagine等。此題特殊問句中的what 移至句首,并且該句強調(diào)的是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時,故選C。

6. _______would you say_______be done?

A. Why; it shouldB. Why; should it

C. What; should itD. How; that it should

析:此題不少學生錯選D。實質(zhì)上此題也是復合疑問句。此題中疑問詞被移至句首,其余部分用陳述句的語序,故選A。

四、特殊疑問詞提前使原不定式復合結(jié)構(gòu)分離

7. Who did the teacher have _______an article for the newspaper just now?

A. writtenB. writingC. writeD. to write

析:解此題時首先要理清句子結(jié)構(gòu),理解have的確切含義,have在此句中意為“讓,叫”。該句考查的是“have sb. do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu),have的賓語疑問詞who被移至句首,故選C。

8. Whom would you rather_______the picture of you?

A. have takenB. have taking

C. have takeD. to have taken

析:此題考查兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的用法:1) would rather do sth.; 2) have sb. do sth.。此題意為“你寧愿讓誰為你拍照?”。have 的賓語whom提到了句首,故選C。

五、同位語、介詞短語等使主語和謂語分隔

9. Everybody in our country, men and women, old and young, _______ bidding for the Olympic Games.

A. supportB. were supporting

C. supportsD. are supporting

析:此題主語和謂語被同位語分隔了。同位語對主語起解釋說明作用不影響主語的第三人稱單數(shù)性質(zhì),故選C。

10. Miss Green, as well as Mr. and Mrs. Green_______ devoted _______spare time to the research work.

A. has; herB. have; their

C. have; herD. has; their

析:此題正確答案選A。當主語后面有as well as, with, together with, but, including, besides 等連接的名詞或代詞時,謂語動詞須和其前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

六、插入成分、狀語等使原定語從句分隔

11. There are over 1,000 students in the playground of our school, 45% _______are girls.

A. of themB. of which

C. of whomD. in them

析:此題考查的是非限制性定語從句,先行詞和定語從句被地點狀語隔開來,應選C。若此題改逗號為分號,則選A,因為分號表示前后兩句意義上相互聯(lián)系,結(jié)構(gòu)上相對獨立。

再如:

12. He has made another discovery, _______ of great importance to science.

A. which I think it isB. which I think is

C. I think which isD. of which I think is

析:此題正確答案是B。當定語從句在邏輯上又作賓語從句時,習慣上把關(guān)系代詞置于主句 (I think) 之前。此題中定語從句which is of great importance to science 在邏輯上作I think 的賓語,因此須將which放在 I think之前。此題也可以將I think作為插入語,放在關(guān)系代詞和謂語之間。

總之,不管是單選題還是完形填空和閱讀題,句子結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力始終是被考查的重點。在解題時,快速把握句子結(jié)構(gòu)最簡單和有效的方法就是獲取句子主干,而忽略插入成分,先可以跳過這部分,等從整體上把握句意之后再回頭看插入部分的內(nèi)容,因為句子的核心信息一般會通過句子的主干成分來傳遞。因此,了解了分隔情況,我們就會更好地掌握句子的結(jié)構(gòu),更好地理解句子的意義。