潘井正

完形填空是測試考生綜合運用語言能力的一種有效的手段。近幾年考查項目的設計日益語境化,日益突出了對考生能力的考查,因此對純粹的語法或詞匯的考查日益減少。命題設計角度也變得更加靈活,常涉及以下幾個方面:

1.對整個語篇和上下文語境邏輯關系的考查;

2.語法知識的掌握和靈活運用;

3.特定語境中詞語辨析和應用;

4.詞語常識包括常用搭配和一些固定的短語用法。

議論型完形填空是高考英語完形填空的重要體裁。2009年的完形填空就是一篇有關高中生的service learning的議論文。文章結構非常清晰,命題者采用了針對一個話題,首先給出正方觀點和反方觀點,然后作者提出自己看法和觀點的模式。本題著重考查考生的邏輯理解能力和知識能力。從題目的設計上看,今年考到了5個名詞,4個動詞,3個連詞,3個介詞,2個形容詞,2個詞組,1個副詞。學生要在理解上下文的基礎上,著眼于近義詞的辨析 (現(xiàn)結合2009年江蘇高考完形填空題加以說明)。

The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students must1sixty hours of service learning,2they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community.3of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student.4a service experience, students must keep a journal (日志) and then write a5about what they have learned.

Supporters claim that there are many6of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think7their own interests and become8of the needs of others. Students are also able to learn real-life skills that9responsibility, problem-solving, and working as part of a team.10 , students can explore possible careers11service learning.

For example, if a student wonders what teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.12there are many benefits, opponents (反對者)13problems with the new requirement. First, they14that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is time-consuming, students spend15time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing students to work without16goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an individual's freedom to choose.

In my view, service learning is a great way to17to the community, learn new skills, and explore different careers.18 , I dont believe you should force people to help others—the19to help must come from the heart. I think the best20is one that gives students choices: a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility, and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.

1. A. spendB. gainC. completeD. save

2. A. andB. orC. butD. for

3. A. SubjectsB. ideas

C. ProceduresD. Examples

4. A. WithB. BeforeC. DuringD. After

5. A. diaryB. reportC. noteD. notice

6. A. coursesB. benefits

C. challengesD. features

7. A. beyondB. aboutC. overD. in

8. A. carefulB. proudC. tiredD. aware

9. A. possessB. apply

C. includeD. develop

10. A. GraduallyB. Finally

C. LuckilyD. Hopefully

11. A. throughB. acrossC. ofD. on

12. A. SoB. ThusC. SinceD. While

13. A. deal withB. look into

C. point outD. take down

14. A. argueB. doubtC. overlookD. admit

15. A. muchB. fullC. lessD. more

16. A. costB. payC. care.D. praise

17. A. contributeB. appeal

C. attendD. belong

18. A. ThereforeB. Otherwise

C. BesidesD. However

19. A. courageB. desire

C. emotionD. spirit

20. A. decisionB. purpose

C. solutionD. result

【參考答案與解析】

1. C。由文章知到,現(xiàn)在的大學要求學生要完成60小時Service Learning,完成學時是畢業(yè)的必備條件。因此C為正確答案。

2. B。否則 (or) 學生就不能獲得畢業(yè)文憑。

3. D。cleaning up a polluted river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student都是Service Learning的典型例子 (example),而不屬于主題或?qū)W科 (subject),因為service learning 本身就是一門學科。

4. C。在Service Learning期間的某一時候,所以選During。

5. B。在進行Service Learning,由生活常識來看,事后得寫一篇相關的調(diào)查報告 (report)。

6. B。支持者認為社區(qū)服務有很多益處,另外從下文“there are many benefits…”也可以得出正確答案。

7. A。此題可能是今年最難的了。“Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think7their own interests and become8(填aware) of the needs of others.”

或許最重要的是,學生不得不去 自己的利益并了解別人的需求。

很多考生不假思索的就選擇了think about 思索 或者 think over 慎重思考某事。但是要注意7題后面的and表明前后是并列關系。后面講了解別人的需求,就意味著思考的問題超越 (beyond) 自己的利益而多考慮別人的需求。

8. D。由上下文容易知道,意識到做某事為最佳答案。

9. C。由上下文容易知道,真正的生活技能包括責任感、解決問題的能力和團隊精神,所以C項為最佳答案。

10. B。由上下文容易知道 (most importantly…,…also, … finally…), Finally為正確答案。

11. A。介詞through表示通過……。

12. D。連詞While表示轉折 (although),連接與上文相反的觀點。

13. C。point out指出deal with處理look into深入地檢查,研究;調(diào)查take down寫下;記下。根據(jù)上下文意思,反對者應該是指出該新要求存在的問題。

14. A。由上下文容易知道,反對者argue爭論為最佳答案。在否定句中 動詞doubt后面的賓語從句通常用that引導,如果是在肯定句中通常用whether 或if。

15. C。反對者認為,社區(qū)服務會耗費時間,學生學習主要課程的時間就會更少 (less) 了。

16. B。由常識可知強迫學生勞動而沒有報酬 (without pay) 是違法的。

17. A。contribute to the community 表示為社會做貢獻,與上下文相符。而appeal to 表示“吸引、呼吁”,attend to表示“處理、照料“;belong to表示“屬于”,都不符合文章含義。

18. D。此處應該為轉折,所以選However。

19. B。學生幫助別人的愿望desire必須是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的而不是被迫的。

20. C。最好的解決問題的辦法。

近幾年完形填空越來越注重考查意義選擇填空,而不是簡單的考查語法選擇填空。適合某一空格的選項從語法角度來看可能有多個,但從特定的“情景”意義來看則只有一個最佳答案。應該說完形填空難在此處。

針對完形填空的特點和對2009年考題的分析,學生該如何更有效的答題,現(xiàn)給出筆者多年來在教學中總結出來的常

用的小技巧:

1.根據(jù)上文或者下文的語言信息推知答案;

2.根據(jù)語言的感情色彩推知答案;

3.根據(jù)語氣詞或關聯(lián)詞如 While, luckily, finally, however, on the other hand, but 等推知答案;

4.根據(jù)生活常識或事理邏輯預設答案;

5.根據(jù)語法和習慣用法得出答案。

復習建議:邏輯關系事實上就是我們通常所說的語感。同學們在復習迎考過程中盡量做出題思路與高考真題相近的題目,尤其以2007—2009年江蘇省高考試題和近三年全國卷與各地試卷為練習材料 (注:2007年共18套真題,2008年共19套真題,2009年共19套真題),首先模擬考場上狀態(tài)做完題目,之后一定要精讀分析,搞清楚每一個選項為什么對,為什么錯,但要注意:練習過程中幾道題目的對錯并不重要,簡單的數(shù)字對于我們來說沒有任何的意義。重要的是在實踐中提高自己的解題能力。同時第二天早上,最好拿出前一天分析過的完形填空題進行朗讀來培養(yǎng)語感。因為有了良好的語感,就等于給自己又多了一個制勝的法寶。