英語是一門實踐性比較強的學科,我從課堂教學入手,積極優(yōu)化課堂教學結構,讓學生在課堂上多接觸多應用英語,把課堂還給學生,全方位調動提高學生的自主學習能力。
教師的主導作用
1. 做好課堂會話小組的劃分
我常把一個班的幾十名學生分成若干個課堂會話小組。為了不打擾課堂教學秩序,我把每兩桌4名學生定為一個小組,這樣有利于他們在活動中討論問題,而不會擾亂課堂秩序。劃定小組后,在每個小組中又定出一名成績較好的學生為小組長,我平時對每個小組長進行檢查培訓。要求每小組組長帶好自己的組員,組織好小組會話活動。這樣分組有利于擴大參與面,有效地促進學生間的互動,讓學生幫助學生,學生督促學生進行語言學習和語言實踐,呈現出“個人努力,同桌競爭,小組合作”的局面。如教授人教版英語必修5 Unit 2 “The United Kingdom PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY”時,我在課前布置作業(yè):Ask the students to prepare the reading and collect the information about the UK.
Step Ⅰ: Teacher show the class a map of UK on the blackboard and ask the students:“How many countries make up the United Kingdom?”Then write down the answers on the blackboard.
Step Ⅱ: Students look at the blackboard ask and answer in pairs.
——Where are you from?——I’m from England.
——Where is England?——It’s to the south of Scotland/ in the south ofBritain.
——Where are you from?——I’m from Wales.
——Where is Wales?——It’s on the west of English/ to the south of Scotland.
Step Ⅲ: Divide the class into four groups to discuss the UK about its foundation and development based on geography history and culture, etc. Ask students to give a brief introduction about the UK in small groups, then select the winner.
T: The UK is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland. Group 1 please.
S1: England is the largest country in the UK and it’s rather flat.
S2: Wales has a lot of mountains and rivers.
S3: Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and it is famous for its beautiful countryside. Snow falls in Scotland every winter.
S4: Northern Ireland rains every month of the year. It hardly snows.
2. 做好英語會話的示范
要使學生在課堂上的英語會話得以順利進行,收到好的教學效果,做好對話示范是關鍵。我在上課時盡可能多用學生聽得懂、易理解的英語語句,少用或不用母語,使學生慢慢進入聽說英語的狀態(tài)。如教授必修1“Travel journal”時,我布置了這樣一個任務:National Day is coming. You and your family are going out for a holiday. There are four routes for you to choose from.
A. From Shanghai to Hangzhou
B. From Beijing to Guangzhou
C. From Chaozhou to Guangzhou
D. From Dalian to Qingdao
我布置每小組構成一個家庭,要求每個家庭討論決定哪一條旅游路線。在學生進行小組會話前,我通過替換旅游路線,與兩三個學生進行示范對話:“Why do they choose it?When to go?How to go?...”然后引導小組盡可能把所學知識融進自己的對話中。
把會話主體還給學生
在課堂上,教師是主導,學生才是主體。所以,我時常在示范后把課堂交給學生,讓學生在語言實踐中領會并掌握所學語言知識。如必修3“Healthy eating”,我首先布置學生查找有關健康飲食的知識,查找日常食物的單詞。上課時,我首先安排一胖一瘦兩位同學走到講臺前。接著問那個較胖的男同學:“What do you eat most often?”他答:“Beef,chicken,pork and fried chips.”緊接著我提問那個較瘦的女同學,她回答:“I like vegetables,tomatoes,potatoes and tofo best.”我提問全體同學:“Boys and girls, I think there are some diet problems with them. Could you please give them some advice about how to keep a balanced diet?”然后,讓各小組討論各自家里的飲食是否屬于健康飲食。我通過巡查督促,及時解答學生在會話中遇到的問題。這樣以Reading 的內容為依據,盡量結合班里的典型事例,從中引出受學生關注的話題,學生便會紛紛各抒己見。接著,我另請一胖一瘦兩個同學走上臺前,分別扮演兩家快餐店的胖經理Wang Pengwei和瘦經理Yong Hui來宣傳各自的快餐店的優(yōu)點。由于做了示范,學生就能在小組會話中造出類似示范對話內容的對話。小組會話之后,我進行檢查,了解學生對所學內容的掌握程度,并對學生掌握不夠的給予及時的補救。檢查形式可以是提問小組,由小組自定兩人就所學內容進行會話,這是一般情況的檢查,是學生預先做好準備的常規(guī)檢查?;蛴山處熤付骋恍〗M與另一小組會話,這是檢查學生臨場使用英語會話的情況。還可以由教師指定某一小組,再由這個小組選定與哪一個小組進行會話,這時就可把學生小組會話競賽引進課堂,讓學生自定競賽對象,激發(fā)他們的求知欲和講好英語的欲望。通過多樣的檢查形式,能了解到學生的具體學習情況,并可根據學生的實際增刪學習內容,以實現教學目的。
責任編輯 魏文琦