李曉飛

連系動詞是中學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)的重要語法項目,也是歷屆高考的重難點,靈活多變的系動詞考法看似繁瑣,實際上有規(guī)律可循。

連系動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須與其后的表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。表語通常由名詞、形容詞,或相當于名詞、形容詞的詞或短語等充當,說明主語是什么或怎么樣。按照系動詞本身的詞義可分為三類。

1.“存在”類:表示存在或具有某種特征或狀態(tài)。常見的有:be,look,prove等。如:The story sounds true.

2.“持續(xù)”類:表示某種情況或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)。常見的有:keep,stand等。如:The store remains closed.

3.“變化”類:表示由一種情況或狀態(tài)變成另一種情況或狀態(tài)。常見的有:grow,go等。如:He turned teacher ten years ago but later he became a doctor.

【注意】

(1)連系動詞通常不用被動語態(tài)或進行時態(tài)。如:

—Do you like the material?—Yes, it feels soft.

(2)系動詞seem, prove.等后常用不定式作表語,接to be時常省略。如:My advice proved (to be) wrong.

(3)“存在”類中的look,feel等表事物屬性時作系動詞用,否則用作實義動詞。如:The doctor is feeling① his pulse because he feels② sick.①實義動詞,②系動詞。

(4)有的系動詞后接的從句可用不定式改寫。如:

It appears that you have made a mistake. / You ap?鄄pear to have made a mistake.

(5)系動詞后常接形容詞作表語,一般不接副詞。有時系動詞后也接副詞作表語,但僅限于in, on, off等少數(shù)副詞小品詞以及here, there等少數(shù)地點方位副詞。如:Mother is downstairs waiting for you.

連系動詞的高考方向:

一、連系動詞后的詞及形式變化

系動詞后常接名詞、形容詞或形容詞化的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式等形式作表語。如:

①My parents have always made me ____about my?鄄self, even when I was twelve. (2007江蘇)

A. feeling well B. feeling good

C. feel well D. feel good

【解析】D。feel后接形容詞作表語;make后不定式作賓補省去to。

②Please remain ____, the winder of the prize will be announced soon. (2008遼寧)

A. seating B. seated

C. to seat D. to be seated

【解析】B。seated是形容詞化的過去分詞。

③Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ___everything. (2001上海)

A. to tellB. to be told

C. to be telling D. to have been told

【解析】D。appear跟不定式作表語;she與tell是被動關(guān)系。

二、連系動詞的形態(tài)變化

1.本身的形態(tài)變化。系動詞屬于不及物動詞,無被動形式的變化。如:The flowers ___sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(2004上海)

A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt

【解析】B。smell sweet是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

2.時態(tài)的形態(tài)變化。系動詞雖然本身沒有被動形式,但有時態(tài)的形式變化。

如:Police are now searching for a woman who is re?鄄ported to ___since the flood hit the area last Friday. (2006山東)

A. have been missingB. have got lost

C. being missingD. get lost

【解析】A。get lost強調(diào)狀態(tài)的變化,瞬間的動作,missing是形容詞。

三、根據(jù)文義選擇系動詞

如:①Emergency line operators must always ___calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help. (2007湖北)

A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay

【解析]】D。句意考查的系動詞有“保持”意義,用“持續(xù)”類系動詞。

②—How are the team playing ?

—Theyre playing well, but one of them____hurt. (2002北京春招)

A. gotB. getsC. areD .were

【解析】A。句意強調(diào)動作的偶然性。

(責(zé)編 黃 曉)