新目標(biāo)英語九年級(jí)教材中的短語和句式中有很多是中考的必考內(nèi)容。筆者在此將這些內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)歸納,希望對(duì)考生的復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助。
1. do sth by sth/by doing sth通過……做某事
【一語擊破】 介詞by意為“通過……手段”或“憑借、靠”,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如:
My sister studies English by listening to tapes. 我姐姐通過聽錄音帶學(xué)習(xí)英語。
A thief stole into the room by the window. 一個(gè)小偷通過窗戶偷偷進(jìn)入了房間。
2. What/How about? ……怎么樣?
【一語擊破】 此句式用來征求對(duì)方的意見或看法,其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如:
What about going to the movies this evening? 今天晚上去看電影怎么樣?
Helen is a doctor. What about her brother? 海倫是一個(gè)醫(yī)生,她哥哥呢?
3. too + adj./adv. to do sth太……而不能……
【一語擊破】 too ... to ... 結(jié)構(gòu)中的to為動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào),后跟動(dòng)詞原形,含否定意義。 too之后接形容詞或副詞原級(jí)。例如:
The girl is too young to go to school. (= The girl is so young that she can’t go to school.) 這女孩年齡太小,不能上學(xué)。
4. be interested in對(duì)……感興趣
【一語擊破】 in后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。 interested作表語用,句子的主語是人。例如:
Most boys are interested in playing computer games. 大多數(shù)男生對(duì)玩電腦游戲感興趣。
Simon is quite good at maths. But he is not interested in geography. 西蒙數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)得很好,但他對(duì)地理不感興趣。
5. used to do sth過去常常做某事
【一語擊破】 used to后接動(dòng)詞原形,表示“過去常常做某事”。構(gòu)成其否定式和疑問式時(shí),可以借用助動(dòng)詞did,也可直接用used。 下面兩種句式常與此短語相混:① be used to do sth意為“被用來做某事”,相當(dāng)于be used for doing sth。 ② be used to doing sth意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”。請(qǐng)比較:
The old man used to get up very early. 那老人過去常常起得很早。
I am used to sleeping very late. 我習(xí)慣睡懶覺。
Stamps are used to send letters. 郵票是用來寄信的。
6. instead of代替;而不是
【一語擊破】 instead of相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞,后面可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如:
He stayed at home instead of going for a picnic yesterday. 昨天他呆在家里,而沒有去野炊。
We had a party instead of having a class last Friday. 上個(gè)星期五我們開了一個(gè)晚會(huì),沒有上課。
7. be strict with/in對(duì)……要求嚴(yán)格
【一語擊破】 介詞with后面可接表示人的名詞,表示“對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格”;介詞in后面可接工作或?qū)W習(xí)等的名詞,表示“在某一方面要求嚴(yán)格”。例如:
His parents are strict with him in his study. 他的父母對(duì)他的學(xué)習(xí)要求嚴(yán)格。
Mr Zhang is very strict with his son. And he is very strict in everything he does. 張老師對(duì)他的兒子要求很嚴(yán),而且他嚴(yán)格要求做好每一件事。
8. be angry with/at對(duì)……感到生氣
【一語擊破】 with后接表示人的名詞或代詞,意為“生某人的氣”;at后接表事的名詞或從句,意為“因某事而生氣”。例如:
Father was angry with me yesterday. 昨天父親生我的氣了。
She was angry at being kept waiting. 她因人家讓她久等而生氣。
9. try/do one’s best盡力
【一語擊破】 try/do one’s best意為“盡力”,其中的one’s為形容詞性物主代詞。例如:
We should try/do our best to study English well. 我們應(yīng)盡力學(xué)好英語。
I’m sure that our basketball players will do their best. 我相信我們的籃球隊(duì)員會(huì)盡最大努力打好比賽。
10. with the help of sb/with one’s help在某人的幫助下
【一語擊破】 of后面接名詞或人稱代詞的賓格,one’s應(yīng)為形容詞性物主代詞或名詞的所有格。例如:
Daniel finished the work with my help. 在我的幫助下,丹尼爾完成了這項(xiàng)工作。
With the help of the Internet,we can learn what other people around the world are doing. 在因特網(wǎng)的幫助下,我們能了解世界上其他人在干什么。
11. get along with與……相處/進(jìn)展
【一語擊破】 get on with后面接“人”時(shí),表示“與……相處”,后面接“物”時(shí),表示“進(jìn)展”。例如:
The Greens get along well with their neighbors. 格林一家和鄰居相處得很好。
How are you getting on with your maths study? 你的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)情況如何?
12. prefer ... to ... 喜歡……不喜歡……;寧愿……不愿……
【一語擊破】 prefer ... to ... 可用來連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的成分,其后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。與它含義相類似的句式有:prefer to do sth rather than do sth和would rather do sth than do sth。 例如:
He prefers playing badminton to playing computer games at home. 他寧愿打羽毛球也不愿在家玩電腦游戲。
He prefers to walk there rather than go by bus. 他寧愿步行去那兒也不愿乘公共汽車去。
I would rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party. 我寧愿呆在家里讀一本好書,也不愿去參加聚會(huì)。
13. have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困難
【一語擊破】 在這里,trouble,difficulty為不可數(shù)名詞,其前可以用no,much,little,some等修飾語,且介詞in可省略。例如:
She had trouble (in) working out the maths problem. 她解出這道數(shù)學(xué)題有困難。
I had some difficulty (in) finding his house. 我費(fèi)了一番周折才找到了他的家。
14. get/have sth done請(qǐng)/讓(某人)做某事
【一語擊破】 此句式表示“請(qǐng)/讓(某人)做某事”,其中過去分詞用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:
She had one of her teeth taken out yesterday. 昨天她讓醫(yī)生拔了一顆牙。
15. be good for;be good at
【一語擊破】 be good for意為“對(duì)……有益”,for后面接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。 be good at意為“擅長(zhǎng)于……”,at后面接名詞、動(dòng)名詞,相當(dāng)于do well in。 例如:
Getting up early in the morning is good for your health. 早晨早起對(duì)你的身體健康有益。
Amy is good at playing the violin. 艾米擅長(zhǎng)拉小琴。
16. take pride in/be proud of對(duì)……感到自豪
【一語擊破】 其中的pride為名詞,proud為形容詞。這兩個(gè)短語后面均可接名詞、代詞或從句。例如:
He takes pride in his work. 他為自己的工作感到驕傲。
We are proud of Yao Ming who is one of the best basketball players in the world. 我們?yōu)橐γ鞫械津湴粒驗(yàn)樗鞘澜缟献顑?yōu)秀的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員之一。
Now China is rich and strong. We are proud of our country. 中國(guó)富強(qiáng)了,我們?yōu)樽鎳?guó)感到自豪。
17. find/think/consider it + adj + to do sth
【一語擊破】 此句式的主語為“人”,意為“(某人)發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為做某事怎么樣”。其中it是形式賓語,形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,后面的to do sth是真正的賓語。例如:
She found it interesting to play badminton. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)打羽毛球很有趣。
My mother finds it great fun to learn to drive a car. 我媽媽發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)開車很好玩。
People think it more and more important to protect the environment. 人們發(fā)現(xiàn)保護(hù)環(huán)境越來越重要。
18. be famous for/as以……而聞(著)名
【一語擊破】 主語是人時(shí),as后面接表示身份的名詞;for后面接表示知識(shí)、技能、作品之類的名詞;主語是地點(diǎn)時(shí),be famous as表示以什么樣的產(chǎn)地或地方而出名,be famous for表示以某種特產(chǎn)而出名。例如:
China is famous for silk. 中國(guó)因產(chǎn)絲綢而聞名。
She is famous as a writer in the world. 她作為作家而名揚(yáng)四海。
19. be made of/from;be made in/by;be made into
【一語擊破】 ① be made of/from都表示“某物由……制成”,但從制成品中可以看出原材料是什么時(shí)用be made of,而從制成品中看不出原材料是什么時(shí)用be made from;② be made in表示“在某地制造”,in后面接地點(diǎn)名詞;be made by表示“由……制造”,by后面接動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。 ③ be made into表示“(某種原料)……可以制成一種成品”。例如:
These wine bottles are made of glass. 這些酒瓶是用玻璃制成的。
This kind of wine is made from grapes. 這種酒是用葡萄釀造的。
Stones can be made into bridges. 石頭可以用來造橋。
中學(xué)英語園地·教學(xué)指導(dǎo)版2009年2期