前言：

從目前的中學(xué)生英語考試模式來看，寫作與閱讀仍然是得分的重中之重。為了得到一個(gè)好分?jǐn)?shù)，很多學(xué)生和老師花費(fèi)了大把的練習(xí)時(shí)間在這兩個(gè)得分點(diǎn)上，但是結(jié)果卻常常不盡如人意。如何能夠迅速突破中西方的思維差異，掌握相應(yīng)的表達(dá)技巧，并合理運(yùn)用到寫作與閱讀題型當(dāng)中，是本篇文章的重點(diǎn)所在。

請(qǐng)看下面這篇寫作要求：

業(yè)余時(shí)間大家喜歡讀書或者看電影，Jane和Bill對(duì)如何打發(fā)課余時(shí)間有不同的看法。Jane認(rèn)為應(yīng)該看些詼諧幽默的書籍，放松心情，有利于后續(xù)的學(xué)習(xí)；而Bill認(rèn)為應(yīng)該看些有教育意義的書籍，因?yàn)榭磿荒苤粸榱藠蕵?。你?duì)這個(gè)問題有何看法？請(qǐng)寫一篇80至100詞的短文。

有以下兩篇例文：

e.g. A：

How to spend our spare time? Different students may have different ideas. Jane thinks that we should read funny books which can make us laugh， while Bill thinks that we still should read instructive books.

At the beginning， I agree with Jane. Because our lives at school are very busy all the time， we need to relax ourselves. But after thinking this question for a few minutes， I have different idea now. There are still a lot to learn before we enter university. We should also get more and more knowledge which maybe very useful after we graduate， such as philosophy， psychology and geography. So， we need relaxation， we also need available information.

e.g. B：

How to spend our spare time? Different students may have different ideas. Jane thinks that we should read funny books which can make us laugh， while Bill thinks that we still should read instructive books.

I agree with Bill. There are still a lot to learn before we enter university. We should get more and more knowledge which maybe very useful after we graduate， such as philosophy， psychology and geography. We should know not only how to finish examinations on paper， but also how to solve problems in our daily lives. I will choose instructive books to read when I am not busy with my studying. I think I will get available information.

以上是兩篇例文，可以看出，兩篇文章的表述句型是大同小異的。最主要的差別是B文在復(fù)述完題目中的材料后，開門見山地表達(dá)了作者自己的觀點(diǎn)：I agree with Bill.

A文是個(gè)比較典型的中國式思維習(xí)慣。Jane的說法沒有什么錯(cuò)誤，而相比而言Bill的想法會(huì)更有特點(diǎn)一些。筆者雖然更支持Bill，但是也不愿意否定Jane，所以他會(huì)先用幾個(gè)句子來描述一下對(duì)Jane的認(rèn)可。然后，筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，用But after thinking this question for a few minutes轉(zhuǎn)向描述對(duì)Bill看法的認(rèn)識(shí)。最后用總結(jié)性的語言表達(dá)出他的意思：So， we need relaxation， we also need available information. 體現(xiàn)出中國式語言表達(dá)的婉轉(zhuǎn)性。

閱讀作文B不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者其實(shí)并沒有對(duì)Jane的看法表達(dá)出更多的意見，只是切合題目將Jane的意思點(diǎn)出，此后就通過各種表達(dá)方式來集中支持對(duì)Bill論點(diǎn)的支持，中心更加突出。這是更符合西方思維方式的一種表達(dá)。

西方人一般是比較擅長抽象思維，總是先概括后分解、先表態(tài)后敘述、先總結(jié)后事例、先整體后細(xì)節(jié)。如果文章開頭用過長的篇幅來作鋪墊，而最后才提出自己的論點(diǎn)，會(huì)有拖沓之嫌。

為更加直觀地了解這種西方思維方式，請(qǐng)看下面的簡單翻譯例句：

中文：我原來打算去香港，后來不得不取消，這使我很失望。

譯文：I was disappointed that I had to cancel the visit to Hong Kong that I had planned.

英文會(huì)非常直白地表明自己現(xiàn)在的心情——disappointed，然后再用后面的一個(gè)從句來表示自己失望的原因。從這里，中西方的表達(dá)方式區(qū)別可以窺見一斑。掌握這種區(qū)別，對(duì)于日后的作文表達(dá)以及英漢互譯會(huì)有非常大的好處。

在此文中，筆者簡單地講了一下中西方文化差異在作文表述中的影響。在這里，建議大家在日后的論述作文當(dāng)中，采取“主題——論述”這種表達(dá)方式，以利于在作文中得到一個(gè)理想的分?jǐn)?shù)。下一期筆者會(huì)有相應(yīng)文章進(jìn)一步描述中西方文化差異在句式以及閱讀理解中的重要作用。

編輯/?？?/p>