張　濤

在英語中，work，study，keep，live，know，wait等動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是可以延續(xù)的，被稱為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。在動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，但是，像come，go，arrive，leave，buy，join，die，begin等動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作是短暫的，不可延續(xù)的，被稱為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它們不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。同學(xué)們在使用這兩類動(dòng)詞作謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常常出錯(cuò)。例如：

(誤) Li Ming has bought the book for three days.

(正) Li Ming has had the book for three days.

(誤) My father had joined the Party ten years ago.

(正) My father has been in the Party for ten years.

如果要表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性，就要把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短語，具體轉(zhuǎn)換如下：

come/go/reach/arrive → be in/at，leave → be away from，borrow → keep，buy → have，join → be in/be a member of，die → be dead，start/begin → be on，finish/end → be over，open → be open(adj.)，close → be closed (adj.)，marry → be married

使用這兩類動(dòng)詞時(shí)，我們還應(yīng)注意以下兩個(gè)問題：

1. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定式可以與for，since引起的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：

She hasnt bought any new clothes since last year.

2. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for，since引起的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，但可以用其他句式來表示同一意思。例如：

He has been away from Beijing for two years.

= He left Beijing two years ago.

= It is two years since he left Beijing.

= Two years has passed since he left Beijing.

鞏固練習(xí)：用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改寫下列句子，使A，B兩句意思基本一致。每空填一詞。

1. A. They came to our school in 1980.

B. They______________________our school since 1980.

2. A. The man died five years ago.

B. The man______________________for five years.

3. A. The meeting began two minutes ago.

B. The meeting______________________for two minutes.

Key：1. have，been，in 2. has，been，dead 3. has，been，on