劉茂林
每年,高考閱卷老師要在十幾天的時間里,完成全省數(shù)十萬份試卷的閱卷任務,工作強度很大,身心都很疲倦。尤其是面對同一體裁、題材的英語作文,閱卷老師很容易產生審美疲勞。怎樣才能寫出與眾不同的作文,讓閱卷老師眼前一亮呢?筆者認為,只有通過制造“亮點”,才能吸引閱卷老師的眼球,大大增加獲得高分的機會。
“亮點”制造手法1:得體運用高級詞匯
用詞準確、得體是寫作的前提。在這一前提下,使用恰當?shù)母呒壴~匯有助于獲得高分。俗話說“一葉知秋”,詞匯的運用體現(xiàn)了作者駕馭語言的能力。有時候,一個高級詞匯就能給文章增添不少亮色。
請仔細體會下列例句中的高級詞匯與普通詞匯表達效果的不同(橫線上為高級詞匯,括號里是普通詞匯)。
例1The next morning, our classmates were both surprised and overjoyed(very happy) when they saw the wall newspaper.
例2That is a challenging(difficult) job.
例3I am awfully grateful to you(should thank you) for taking so much trouble to help me.
例4He turned a deaf ear to (didnt listen to) what I said in class.
下表中的高級詞匯可供同學們參考。
除此之外,教材中還有很多高級詞匯值得關注,如access, available, annoyed, confused, convenience, considerate, essential, fascinated,get accustomed to等。
“亮點”制造手法2: 交替使用多種句型
一篇文章如果只使用結構單一、長度相同的單句,就會顯得平淡無奇,讀起來索然無味。要想凸顯文采,應在正確的前提下,交替使用簡單句和復合句,盡量做到句式多樣化??偟膩碚f,除簡單句外,寫作時常用的句型如下:
(1)以形式主語it引導的有關句型。
It is / was +被強調部分+ that(who) +...
It happened(chanced) that...
It is high time that sb. did / should do...
It is / was said(reported / believed) that...
Itis / was +時間段+ before +...
It doesnt matter...
(2) 由as,which引導的非限制性定語從句。
(3) 由no matter what / which / when / where / who / how / whose等以及whatever / whichever / whenever / wherever / whoever / however 等引導的讓步狀語從句。
(4) 以so long as, on condition that等引導的條件狀語從句。
(5) 以the moment, the minute, the instant, the hour, the day, every time, next time, last time, immediately, directly, no sooner...than, hardly...when 等引導的時間狀語從句。
(6) 主語+謂語+ the size / length / width / height + of+被比較對象。
此外,也可以使用分詞、不定式、介詞短語作狀語,或使用強調句、感嘆句、倒裝句、獨立主格結構等,增強語句的表現(xiàn)力,使文章跌宕起伏。
“亮點”制造手法3: 準確使用句間連詞
書面表達評分標準把銜接和連貫作為核心標準,句間連詞的恰當使用是語句銜接自然、語意連貫最突出的體現(xiàn)。寫作時,應弄清所寫內容的邏輯關系,對題干的材料加以適當調整,然后加入構成語篇紐帶的過渡詞連句成文,從而使文章語意貫通,過渡自然,結構緊湊,層次清晰,邏輯分明。
寫作時,常用的連接詞語主要有:
(1) 表示順序:first, then, finally, the former, the latter, to begin with...
(2) 表示時間:since then, for the first time, at last, eventually, as soon as, the next moment, in the past, now, at present, in the future, from now on...
(3) 表示轉折:but, however, on the contrary, instead, otherwise, unfortunately, yet...
(4) 表示遞進:whats more, besides, in addition, even, moreover, furthermore, still more, still worse...
(5) 表示并列:and, or, as well, as well as, alike, both...and, either...or, neither...nor, some...others...
(6) 表示因果:so, thus, therefore, for, as a result, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to...
(7) 表示列舉:for example, say, for an instance, such as, and so on...
(8) 表示總結:in a word, in all, in short, in summary, in brief, to sum up, as has been stated...
(9) 表示對比:on one hand, on the other hand, while, for one thing... for another...
(10) 表示程度:first of all, above all, again and again, at all...
(11) 表示空間:on the right / left , to the right / left of, on one side of, on the other side of, at the foot/ top of, in the middle of, in the center of...
(12) 表示解釋說明:that is (to say), in other words, namely...
“亮點制造”手法4:寫好主題句、開頭和結尾
要想使主題突出,結構嚴謹,就應恰當使用主題句。主題句能鮮明、清晰地表達文章、段落的中心思想。要想使文章開頭吸引閱卷老師,就要使用主題句,開門見山地表達觀點,或者使用特殊的句式結構。結尾要有總結性的句子,簡潔而不拖泥帶水。
【例文分析】
I prefer my English classes to be taught in English only. As everybody knows, the mastery of a language doesnt just mean the ability to write and read. To acquire this language, a pure English atmosphere is of vital importance. Only by using the language frequently can we have a good mastery of English.
However, there are some disadvantages with this teaching method. It will be difficult for us to understand what the teacher means. As a result, we will focus too much on teachers words rather than their intended meaning.
As an old proverb goes, “Little strokes fell great oaks.” With constant practice in and outside the classroom, we will be able to master English. And we will all find it quite rewarding to be taught in English only.
這是2007年我省的一篇高考高分作文。作者按照要求選擇“授課形式一:只用英語”這一主題展開,內容覆蓋了所有要點,結構合理、緊湊,有鮮明的觀點,在語言表達上更是有很多亮點。
①文章的第一句即是總領全文的主題句,開門見山地提出作者的觀點;結尾干凈利落,簡潔有力。
②文章運用了非謂語動詞(to acquire this language)、倒裝句(only by...can we...)、獨立結構(with constant practice in and outside the classroom)、名詞性從句(what the teacher means)、諺語(Little strokes fell great oaks)和形式賓語結構(we will all find it quite rewarding to...)等較復雜的句子結構。
③恰當?shù)厥褂昧薬s everybody knows, however, as a result, as an old proverb goes等連接成分。
④采用了be of vital importance, focus on, rather than, intended meaning和rewarding等高級詞匯。
本文得了29分(滿分30分)。由此可見,“亮點”的出現(xiàn)能夠充分展現(xiàn)同學們的語言功底,從而獲得較高的分數(shù)。