首先請看下面幾道中考題:
1. Uncle Wang looks so fine in recent days. He ___ a lot, but he has given it up.(2007年湖北咸寧)
A. was used to smoke
B. used to smoke
C. was used to smoking
D. is used to smoking
2. Usually computers ___ to search the Internet. (2007年吉林)
A. use B. are using
C. are usedD. used
3. — ____ you ___ take a bus to school?
— Yes, but now I usually go to school on foot. (2007年山西)
A. Did; use to B. Were; used to C. Do; used to
4. All the information except these two pieces ____ writing the article.
(2007年呼和浩特)
A. have been used to B. has been used to C. have been used for D. has been used for
5. He used to ___ in the sun, but now he is used to ____ at night.
(2007年蘭州)
A. read; read
B. reading; read
C. read; reading
D. reading; reading
答案:BCADC
這幾道題都是考查與used有關(guān)的短語。與used有關(guān)的短語,如 used to do sth.,be used to doing sth.,be used to do sth.等,形似且用法容易混淆,為了幫助同學(xué)們分辨它們的用法,現(xiàn)小結(jié)如下:
1. used to do sth.
used to表示“過去常?!⑦^去慣?!?,指過去有但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在的情況或習(xí)慣,可與各種人稱的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式連用,后接動詞原形。例如:
There used to be a lot of trees around the place.
這兒以前周圍有很多樹。
She used to be a teacher.
她過去曾是個老師。
When I was in the countryside, I used to get up at five o’clock.
當(dāng)我在農(nóng)村的時候, 我經(jīng)常5點(diǎn)起床。
used to的否定句常用didn’t use to, used not to或use(d)n’t to形式,疑問句常用Did sb. use to... 或Used sb. to... 形式。 例如:
He didn’t use to go home by bus.
他過去不常坐車回家。
The river use(d)n’t to be clean.
這條河過去不干凈。
Did you use to be a teacher?
= Used you to be a teacher?
你從前當(dāng)過老師嗎?
2. be used to+n./doing sth
表示“習(xí)慣于……”,其中to是介詞,后接名詞或動名詞。be可以有各種時態(tài)的變化形式。be有時也可用get,become,grow等詞替代,表示由不習(xí)慣變?yōu)榱?xí)慣。例如:
Americans are used to drinking coffee after dinner.
美國人習(xí)慣在飯后喝咖啡。
I have got used to the country life.
我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了農(nóng)村生活。
You will be used to the work in a short time.
你不久就會習(xí)慣這個工作的。
I am used to staying up late at night.
我習(xí)慣熬夜。
You’ll soon be / get / become / grow used to our way of living.
你很快就會習(xí)慣我們的生活方式。
3. be used to do sth.
表示“被用來干某事”,是use ... to do sth.(表示“用……干某事”)的被動形式。試比較以下一組句子。
A knife is used to cut bread. (被動形式)
I use a knife to cut bread. (主動形式)
4. be used for + n./doing sth.
表示“被用來干某事”,其中for為介詞,后接名詞或動名詞,與be used to do sth.同義。例如:
—What do you use this tool for? 你用這個工具干什么?
—It is used for cutting hair. = It is used to cut hair. 這個工具是用來剪頭發(fā)的。
Knives can be used for cutting things. =Knives can be used to cut things.
刀能用來切東西。
5. be used as + n.
表示“被作為……使用”。例如:
This room is used as our classroom.
這個房間被用作我們的教室。
The box can be used as a table.
這箱子可以用來當(dāng)桌子。
6. be used by + sb.
表示“被某人使用”。例如:
This reading-room is only used by teachers.
這是僅供教師使用的閱覽室。
The recorder was used by several teachers.
這臺錄音機(jī)被幾個老師用過。