中考對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查主要集中在以下三個(gè)方面:
一、語(yǔ)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)的綜合考查
[考點(diǎn)說(shuō)明] 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),選項(xiàng)中常以主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作為干擾點(diǎn),并同時(shí)檢測(cè)時(shí)態(tài)。因此,解題時(shí)對(duì)語(yǔ)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)必須同時(shí)考慮。
[鏈接中考]
1. The Olympic Game _______ every four years. (2007年北京)
A. are heldB. were heldC. are holdingD. will hold
2. Many trees and flowers _______ in our school last year, and they made our school a beautiful garden. (2007年重慶)
A. plantB. plantedC. have plantedD. were planted
3. A talk on developments in science and technology _______ in the school hall next week. (2007年天津)
A. given B. will be given C. has been givenD. gives
4. China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _______ Goodwill Ambassadors(親善大使) for Shanghai. (2006年江蘇徐州)
A. has been named B. have been named
C. has namedD. have named
[答案解析] 第1題中,“奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)”與“舉辦”屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系,“每四年”屬現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),因此答案選A。第2題中,“許多花草樹(shù)木”與“種植”屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系,“去年”屬過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),因此答案選D。第3題中,“關(guān)于科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展的報(bào)告”與“作”屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系,“下周”屬將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),因此答案選B。第4題中,“中國(guó)體育明星姚明和劉翔”與“命名”屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知道謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作已完成,因此答案選B。
二、以不同的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作為選項(xiàng)
[考點(diǎn)說(shuō)明] 在考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的試題中,選項(xiàng)大都是單個(gè)的同一動(dòng)詞,但有時(shí)也以短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作為選項(xiàng)。此時(shí),我們既要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài),也要考慮短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的正確運(yùn)用。
[鏈接中考]
5. Your skirt looks nice. Is it _______ cotton? (2006年遼寧)
A. made inB. made ofC. made fromD. made by
6. Sunglasses are used _______ protecting your eyes in sunny days. (2007年寧夏)
A. forB. toC. with D. in
[答案解析] 第5題中,be made of表示“由……制成”,指制成品中能看出原材料;be made from表示“由……制成”,指制成品中看不出原材料;be made in后面一般接地點(diǎn)名詞,表示“在某地制造”;be made by后面一般接人或公司名稱(chēng),表示“由……制造”。根據(jù)句意:它是棉花制造的嗎?因此答案選B。第6題中,be used for doing sth.意為“……被用來(lái)做某事”,be used to doing sth.意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”。根據(jù)句意:太陽(yáng)鏡是用來(lái)在晴天保護(hù)你的眼睛的,因此答案選A。
三、以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞作為考點(diǎn)
[考點(diǎn)說(shuō)明] 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),其時(shí)態(tài)主要是“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”和“一般過(guò)去時(shí)”。解答含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)題,首先要注意其正確的構(gòu)成形式。上述兩種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的第一個(gè)單詞都必須是be,然后接過(guò)去分詞,這一點(diǎn)是不少同學(xué)最容易忽視、考試中也最容易出錯(cuò)的。
[鏈接中考]
7. Attention, please! All the mobile phones _______ during the meeting. (2007年浙江金華)
A. must keep off B. have kept off
C. are keeping offD. must be kept off
8. Trees _____ in winter but in spring. (2005年廣西南寧)
A. can not plant B. can be not planted
C. can not be plantedD. can plant
[答案解析] 第7題中,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,“所有手機(jī)”與“必須關(guān)閉”屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),即must be kept off,因此答案選D。第8題中,“樹(shù)”與“種植”屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,所以應(yīng)填can的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),即can (not) be planted,因此答案選C。