李雨林

1.If you do, youll have a great time.

你要去的話，你會(huì)玩得盡興的。

解讀 (1)這是一個(gè)含if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。其中if you do是條件狀語從句，youll have a great time是主句。須注意的是：在條件狀語從句中，將來的動(dòng)作常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來代替。例如:

Ill go with you if Im free tomorrow.

明天，我如果有空就和你一起去。

We wont go swimming if it rains. 如果下雨，我們就不去游泳。

If you dont hurry, youll be late. 如果你不趕快點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)遲到。

延伸 在when, before, after, as soon as, until等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，將來的動(dòng)作也常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:

Ill be in Paris when Im older. 等我長大點(diǎn)，我將住在巴黎。

Ill tell her about it as soon as she gets back.

她一回來我就把這事告訴她。

She wont leave until her parents come home.

她父母回家，她才能離開。

(2)do在句子中代替前文的Im going to go to the party。do的這種用法，我們稱之為“代動(dòng)詞”。請(qǐng)觀察下列句子中do的用法。

①——Dont play soccor in the street. 不要在街上踢球。

——Sorry, I wont do it again. 對(duì)不起，我再不會(huì)那樣做了。

②——Have you returned the library book? 你還圖書館的書了嗎？

——No, but Ill do soon. 沒有，但我馬上還。

③The robot can change its work just as you do.

機(jī)器人能改變工作，正像你一樣。

(3)have a great time“玩得高興”。類似說法還有:

have a good timehave a wonderful time

have a nice timeenjoy oneself

應(yīng)用 選擇填空。

①What are you going to do when you ____ up?

A. grow B. will grow C. are growing D. to grow

②If it ____, lets go hiking.

A. isnt rain B. doesnt rain C. wont rain D. rains

③Dont go too high; if you ____, itll be dangerous.

A. are B. go C. do D. can

④Thanks for your party; I ____ very much.

A. had a great time B. had a good time

C. had a nice time D. enjoyed myself

解答 ①A 在時(shí)間狀語從句中將來的動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

②B 在條件狀語從句中將來的動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

③C 代動(dòng)詞，代前文go too high。

④D 只有enjoy能被very much修飾。

2.——Im going to the school party. 我要去參加學(xué)校的聚會(huì)。

——So am I. 我也要去。

解讀 So am I.意思是Im going to the school party, too.譯為“我也要去?！逼渲衧o是代詞，常代替前文出現(xiàn)的某一事情或動(dòng)作。整個(gè)句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：

so+助動(dòng)詞+主語 例如:

You are from Nanjing, so am I. 你是南京人，我也是。

Well visit the farm, so will they. 我們要參觀農(nóng)場，他們也要去。

They eat a lot of potatoes, so do our Chinese.

他們吃很多土豆，我們中國人也是。

She got there late, so did John. 她到那兒遲了，約翰也是。

比較 英語中還有so的另一類句型“so+主語+助動(dòng)詞”，意思是“……的確是這樣”。例如:

①——Your bag is in the desk. 你的書包在桌子里。

——So it is. 的確在桌子里。

②——She got there late. 她到那兒遲到了。

——So she did. 她真是這樣。

應(yīng)用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列句子。

①——We eat a lot of fish in our country.

——____. (日本人也一樣。)

②My father can drive a car, ____. (我媽媽也是。)

③——I think Class Two are going on a picnic next week.

——____. (真是這樣。)

④——Today is your birthday; you are 15 years old tomorrow.

——____. (是這樣。）

解答 ①So do the Japanese ②so can my mother ③So they are ④So I am

3.You can become a model for young people who will look up to you. 你會(huì)成為年輕人的榜樣，并受到他們的尊敬。

解讀 (1)who will look up to you是定語從句，修飾people。其中who既作連接詞，連接定語從句與被修飾詞，又作定語從句里的主語。例如:

Those who want to go please sign their names here.

想去的人請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@兒簽名。

A man who doesnt try to learn from others cant hope to achieve much. 一個(gè)不向別人學(xué)習(xí)的人是不可能指望有多少成就的。

He who plays with fire gets burnt. (諺)玩火者必自焚。

警示 who引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的謂語，必須與定語從句的先行詞(即被修飾詞)保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。

(2)look up尊敬，仰望。例如:

They look up to you as their teacher. 他們尊敬你為他們的老師。

Mr Black, our headmaster, is well looked up to.

我們的校長布萊克先生深受大家的尊敬。

(3)look up還有以下幾種意思：

①向上看

The fox looked up and saw a cock in the tree.

狐貍抬頭向上一看，見一只公雞在樹上。

Look up to me, Jack!杰克，抬頭看著我！

②(在詞典、參考書等中)查尋

Look it up in a dictionary when you dont know a new word.

不知道生詞時(shí)，翻詞典查查。

③拜訪

I looked him up on my way home. 在回家的路上，我去看望了他。

應(yīng)用 選擇填空。

①Do you know the young lady ____ spoke at the meeting?

A. which B. who C. when D. whom

②Anyone who ____ the rules ____ going to be punished.

A. break, are B. break, is C. breaks, is D. breaks, are

③Ye Xin died in the fight against SARS, but we all look up ____her for ever.

A. to B. at C. with D. for

④He looked ____ the right but found nothing.

A. at B. for C. round D. to

解答 ①B 在定語從句中作主語。

②C 先行詞anyone看作單數(shù)。

③A look up to尊敬。

④D。

4.Some of them think that this will make them happy.

他們中有些人認(rèn)為這可以讓他們快樂。

解讀 make them happy意思是“使得他們快樂”。make一詞常見用法和意思有:

①制造，生產(chǎn)

This factory makes leather shoes of all kinds.

這家工廠生產(chǎn)各種樣式的皮鞋。

You can see “made in China” on it.

你可以看見上面寫有“中國制造”字樣。

②作其他意義，常見短語有:

make a noise 吵鬧 make a mistake 出錯(cuò)

make a living 維持生計(jì) make a fire 生火

make a promise 答應(yīng) make a study (of) 學(xué)習(xí)

make a decision 決定 make a trip (to) 旅游

make a plan 制訂計(jì)劃 make a sentence 造句

make an answer 回答 make a (telephone) call (to) 打電話

make a speech 演講 make sure 確信

make trouble 搗亂 make tea 沏茶

make money 掙錢 make the bed 鋪床

make no difference 毫無差別 make room (for) 騰出空間

③make sb. do sth. 讓某人干某事

Money makes the mare go. (諺)有錢能使鬼推磨。

He was often made to carry water. 經(jīng)常叫他挑水。

警示 make sb. do sth. 變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，do前面要加to。例如:

Shes made to dance a second time. 有人叫她再跳一支舞。

④make sb./sth.+形容詞使某人/某物怎么樣

What makes you so happy? 你怎么這么高興？

We work hard to make our motherland rich and strong soon.

我們努力工作，為的是讓祖國早日富強(qiáng)。

⑤make sb.+介詞短語(意義同④)

Dont be nervous; make yourself at home. 別緊張，請(qǐng)隨便。

應(yīng)用 根據(jù)句意完成下列句子，首字母已給出。

①9 oclock? Thats too late; lets m____ it 8 oclock.

②A tree cant make a f____.

③You must m____ the bed after you get up.

④What makes you t____ Im a farmer?

⑤The bad news made us all s____.

⑥The fridge on the left is m____ in Japan.

⑦With the help of man-made satellites, we can make a t____ call to a foreign country.

⑧Check your answers again; make s____ there are not any mistakes.

解答 ①makemake it(把時(shí)間) 定在……。

②forest (諺語)獨(dú)木不成林。

③makemake the bed整理床鋪。

④thinkmake sb. do sth. 叫某人干某事。

⑤sad/surprisedmake sb. +adj. 讓某人怎樣。

⑥madebe made in 在……制造。

⑦telephonemake a telephone call 打電話。

⑧suremake sure 確保。