With calls to prayer echoing amongst ancient mosque domes and cobblestoned streets， Istanbul is one of the few cities that actually seems to be even more exotic and romantic than its reputation allows. From shopping at the Grand Bazaar to having Turkish coffee in a 15th century madrassa (religious school) to sailing over the Bosphorous， visiting Istanbul offers the adventurous traveler many pleasures.

祈禱的呼喚聲回蕩在古老的清真寺穹頂和卵石小道上，伊斯坦布爾是世界上少數(shù)幾個(gè)比傳說中所描述的更充滿奇異和浪漫色調(diào)的城市之一。從在大集市購(gòu)物，到在15世紀(jì)的madrassa（宗教學(xué)校）享受土耳其咖啡，再到揚(yáng)帆于博斯普魯斯海峽，伊斯坦布爾之旅給喜愛冒險(xiǎn)的游客帶來如此多的意外驚喜。

Straddling two continents， Istanbul is a study in contrasts. Europe and Asia: Istanbul has a long and proud heritage as a bridge between many different cultures. Secular and religious: women wrapped up head to toe in black pass by women sashaying in mini-skirts. History and modernity: over what remains of legendary Constantinople is a modern city emerging into the 21st century.

伊斯坦布爾橫跨兩洲，是一個(gè)矛盾對(duì)立統(tǒng)一的綜合體，在很多方面值得做對(duì)比研究。歐洲和亞洲：伊斯坦布爾作為各種不同文化的傳承橋梁的光榮傳統(tǒng)由來已久；世俗和宗教：用黑布將自己從頭到腳包裹得密不透風(fēng)的傳統(tǒng)婦人和穿著迷你裙的時(shí)尚女性在大街上擦身而過；歷史和現(xiàn)代：在傳奇的君士坦丁堡遺跡上出現(xiàn)的是21世紀(jì)的現(xiàn)代化都市。

Istanbul has been known by many names during a history that dates back over two thousand years.It was originally called Byzantium， and then rechristened as New Rome by the emperor Constantine I. After his death in 337， the city was renamed Constantinople in his honor.

伊斯坦布爾在歷史上多次更名，最早可以追溯到2000年以前。最初叫拜占庭，后被君士坦丁大帝改名為新羅馬。在公元337年君士坦丁大帝去世后，為了表示對(duì)他的敬意，城市改名為君士坦丁堡。

For over one thousand years， the city was known as Constantinople， the capital of the Holy Roman Empire. In1453， Constantinople was captured by the Turks， signaling the end of the Holy Roman Empire and beginning the Ottoman Empire. From 1453 onwards， Constantine's city came to be called Istanbul.

一千多年以來，這座城市一直被稱為君士坦丁堡——古羅馬帝國(guó)的首都。到公元1453年，君士坦丁堡被土耳其人占領(lǐng)，標(biāo)志著古羅馬帝國(guó)的覆滅和奧斯曼土耳其帝國(guó)的興起。公元1453年開始，君士坦丁堡改名為伊斯坦布爾。

Sights

景點(diǎn)

The first stop for any visitor who wishes to experience Istanbul at its most exotic should is Sultanahmet， the heart of the old city.

對(duì)于想感受最具有異國(guó)情調(diào)的伊斯坦布爾的游客來說，第一站絕對(duì)是這個(gè)老城最重要的心臟部位——蘇丹阿赫梅特區(qū)。

Easily accessible by the tram that winds through the city， Sultanahmet is the site of many of Istanbul's most famous landmarks， many of them dating back from its days as the imperial capital of not one， but two empires. It's hard to know where to begin， because everywhere you turn there is another sight to take in: Hagia Sophia with the Basilica Cistern underneath， Topkapi Palace， the Blue Mosque， the Grand Bazaar.

乘電車穿越這座城市，蘇丹阿赫梅特是伊斯坦布爾眾多著名景點(diǎn)的所在地，其中有很多曾是帝國(guó)（不是一個(gè)而是兩個(gè)帝國(guó)）的首都。置身蘇丹阿赫梅特，你不知該從哪個(gè)景點(diǎn)開始，因?yàn)槟忝康揭惶幎紩?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)另一個(gè)新的景點(diǎn)：圣索菲亞大教堂及地下宮殿、托普卡匹宮、藍(lán)色清真寺、大集市。

Because of its proximity to many of Istanbul's sights， Sultanahmet is also where many of Istanbul's tourist accomodations are located. Lodgings available nearby range from the cheap dorm rooms of local youth hostels to the opulent penthouses of the international five-star hotels.As an added charm， many also have rooms and rooftop terraces overlooking the Bosphorous， perfect for a quiet drink with friends.

由于臨近眾多伊斯坦布爾景點(diǎn)，蘇丹阿赫梅特也是游客住宿的集中地。從經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的青年旅舍到華麗奢侈的五星級(jí)酒店高檔住房，應(yīng)有盡有。更美妙的是，這里許多房間和屋頂露臺(tái)都可以俯覽整個(gè)博斯普魯斯，無邊美景，盡收眼底，是與朋友們安靜小酌的絕佳去處。

The first of Sultanahmet's sights is Hagia Sophia. Built between 532 and 537 by the Emperor Justinian， Hagia Sophia was once the largest cathedral in the world， replacing an older church that had been destroyed by riots. After the Ottoman Conquest in 1453， it was converted into a mosque.Nowadays， Hagia Sophia is a museum that serves as a tribute to both Byzantine mosaics and Islamic art.

在蘇丹阿赫梅特，首先要去的就是圣索菲亞大教堂。圣索菲亞大教堂建于東羅馬查士丁尼大帝統(tǒng)治時(shí)期(公元532年到公元537年)，曾經(jīng)是世界上最大的教堂，取代了在暴動(dòng)中被摧毀的老教堂。在公元1453年奧斯曼土耳其人入侵后，它被改造成清真寺。到今天，圣索菲亞大教堂已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)欣賞拜占庭馬賽克藝術(shù)和伊斯坦布爾藝術(shù)的博物館。

While Hagia Sophia's brick-red exterior looks distressingly drab for such a famous monument， the interior suffers from no such problems. With its' gorgeous decoration and beautiful mosaics depicting religious figures and emperors alike， Hagia Sophia is a monument to Constantinople's role as a religious and political center at the height of its power.

圣索菲亞大教堂外部全部由紅磚砌成，使得這座名聲顯赫的建筑物看起來過于單調(diào)，但它的內(nèi)部裝飾完全是另一番景象：用炫目的裝飾品和華麗的馬賽克鑲嵌藝術(shù)描繪的宗教人物和帝王，圣索菲亞大教堂是君士坦丁堡在其鼎盛時(shí)期作為宗教和政治中心的一座紀(jì)念豐碑。

If Hagia Sophia was the center of religion during the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire， then its counterpart was the Topkapi Palace， the seat of imperial power during the Ottoman Empire. A vast and sprawling complex composed of four main courts， parks， and many other buildings for the families and retainers of the imperial court， Topkapi Palace was a pleasure palace in the truest sense of the word. Because the complex is so large - and the entrance fees rather high - a visitor to Istanbul should set aside at least one day to visit Topkapi.

如果說圣索菲亞大教堂是神圣羅馬帝國(guó)以及奧斯曼帝國(guó)時(shí)期的宗教中心，那么相應(yīng)的，托普卡匹宮是奧斯曼帝國(guó)時(shí)期的皇權(quán)所在地。由四座宮殿、公園和許多皇親國(guó)戚以及家臣的住宅所構(gòu)成的幅員遼闊的建筑群，托普卡匹宮的確是一個(gè)徹底的絕佳享樂之所。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)宮殿如此之大——它的門票很貴——游客至少要花上一天時(shí)間來游覽托普卡匹宮。

The highlight of the Palace is undoubtedly the harem， where the sultan， his family， eunuchs and concubines lived. A series of beautifully appointed rooms， the harem can only be seen with a tour guide that will lead you around for half an hour.

毋庸置疑，宮殿最耀眼處就是供蘇丹、家人、宦官以及妃子們居住的后宮。這些裝飾華麗的房間必須在導(dǎo)游的帶領(lǐng)下才能夠參觀，大概需要一個(gè)半小時(shí)。

Life within the harem was cloaked in mystery and secrecy， as its inhabitants were closed off from the world outside. The harem was a dangerous place， full of intrigue as eunuchs， concubines， and young princes vied with one another for imperial favor. In the case of the sons of the sultans， power plays within the harem determined whether or not they would live， since the rise of one prince to the throne was often accompanied by the assassination of all of his siblings.

后宮生活籠罩著一層神秘的面紗，所有深居其中的人幾乎都與世隔絕。而后宮更是一個(gè)險(xiǎn)惡之地，充斥著宦官、嬪妃、年輕的王子們?yōu)闋?zhēng)奪皇寵而彼此間上演的一幕幕勾心斗角和爾虞我詐。如果是王子的話，那么后宮的皇寵之爭(zhēng)就意味著他們能否活下來，往往，一個(gè)王子的順利登基是以其他所有兄妹的生命為代價(jià)的。

Mosques

清真寺

While beautiful mosques abound in Istanbul， the crown jewel is Suleymanyie Mosque， a structure said to be inspired by Hagia Sophia. Built under the orders of Suleyman the Magnificent in 1550-57， this mosque was designed by Mimar Sinan， renowned as the Ottoman Empire's finest architect.

伊斯坦布爾有很多瑰麗的清真寺，其中受圣索菲亞大教堂影響而建立的蘇萊曼清真寺無疑是其中最閃耀的一座。由奧斯曼帝國(guó)蘇萊曼大帝在公元1550到1557年敕建，這座清真寺的總設(shè)計(jì)師是當(dāng)時(shí)帝國(guó)最出色的建筑師米瑪爾#8226;錫南。

Perched atop Istanbul on one of the city's hills， Suleymaniye Mosque is known for its four minarets and domes. Inside， it creates an immediate impression of airy spaciousness as the walls of the mosque seem to rise effortlessly around you. The mosque is lit by the sunlight streaming through the 16th century stained glass windows and a huge chandelier in the midst of the main chamber.

蘇萊曼清真寺坐落在伊斯坦布爾城中的一座高山上，以四座尖塔和圓頂而聞名于世。在寺內(nèi)，四周的高墻拔地而起，高高聳立，顯得空間更為廣闊。白天，日光傾瀉在16世紀(jì)的彩色玻璃窗上；夜晚，寺頂中心巨大的樹枝形吊燈熠熠生輝，整座寺廟始終都沉浸在一片流光溢彩的明媚中。

Both Suleyman the Magnificent and Mimar Sinan are buried on the grounds of the mosque， and their mausoleums are open to visitors.

蘇萊曼大帝和米瑪爾#8226;錫南皆埋葬于寺內(nèi)，他們的陵墓也對(duì)游客開放。

Many mosques are free and welcome tourists with open arms， but check ahead to make sure that they allow visitors as some do not. Guests should also be dressed appropriately as mosques are working places of worship， and amongst the crowds of tourists there are those who come to pray. Women in particular should have their hair and arms covered before entering.

許多清真寺都是免費(fèi)的，而且熱烈歡迎游客，但在進(jìn)入寺廟之前必須先確定一下這里是否允許游客觀光，要知道有些寺廟是禁絕游覽的。因?yàn)榍逭嫠率羌漓氚萆竦牡胤?，而且有些游客也是前來祈禱許愿的，所以穿著必須得體。女性更是如此，在進(jìn)入寺廟之前要將頭發(fā)和胳膊都遮蓋起來。

Shopping

購(gòu)物

Istanbul offers visitors many opportunities to spend both Turkish lira and euros.

在伊斯坦布爾，里拉（意大利貨幣）和歐元都能使用，這為游客提供了極大的便利。

Sprawling and labyrinthine， the Grand Bazaar is itself a city inside a city. With 4，000 shops lining a series of covered streets， it's easy to get lost inside the Bazaar. Shops inside the Bazaar sell every kind of conceivable good， from jewelry to spices to lamps to scarves. There are also restaurants and cafes for those who are hungry after a few hours of shopping and bargaining. And， of course， plenty of Turkish rugs.

一眼望過去如同迷宮般曲曲折折，看不見盡頭，伊斯坦布爾大集市簡(jiǎn)直是一個(gè)“城中城”。四千多個(gè)小店井然有序地排列在有屋頂?shù)慕值溃ㄒ了固共紶柎蠹惺菐в形蓓數(shù)氖覂?nèi)購(gòu)物場(chǎng)所）邊，讓人很容易就迷失其中。大集市里面的商店能夠買到一切你所能想象到的東西。從珠寶到香料到燈到絲巾。還有很多為購(gòu)物和還價(jià)而饑腸轆轆的人提供豐盛美食的飯店以及咖啡館。當(dāng)然，還有世界聞名的土耳其地毯。

Enthusiastic vendors beckon you in and invite you to take a cup of apple tea as you browse the aisles， examine the goods on sale， and ask questions. It's not only the tourists that come here， either. Many locals do as well， making the Grand Bazaar a hectic， bustling experience.

熱情的小販們招攬著每一個(gè)游客，邀請(qǐng)他們?cè)跒g覽走廊、檢查出售的商品、詢問商品信息時(shí)享受一杯美味的蘋果茶。不止是游客，當(dāng)?shù)厝艘步?jīng)常光顧大集市，因此這里每天都熙熙攘攘，熱鬧非凡，呈現(xiàn)出一片繁榮景象。

For a different kind of market， try Sahaflar Carsisi. This street， right by Istanbul University and a short walk away from the Grand Bazaar， is an alleyway of used book stores. Books are mostly in Turkish， but a small selection in other languages can also be found if you take the time to look. Shaded by trees and populated by cats who wander in and out of stalls， Sahaflar Carsisi is quiet and serene， a far cry from the hustle and bustle of the Grand Bazaar.

而沙哈發(fā)爾#8226;查爾希希則是一個(gè)完全不同類型的集市。這條專賣舊書的窄街在伊斯坦布爾大學(xué)附近，離大集市也不遠(yuǎn)。大部分書都是土耳其文，但如果你有耐心慢慢找的話，也能夠淘到一些其它文字的書。綠蔭環(huán)繞，一只只瞇著眼睛的貓懶洋洋地徜徉于店鋪間，進(jìn)進(jìn)出出，沙哈發(fā)爾#8226;查爾希希呈現(xiàn)出與喧鬧的大集市完全不同的的靜謐之美。

The street also has a special history: Sahalflar Carsisi has sold used books since the earliest days of Constantinople.

這個(gè)街道也有自己的傳奇故事：沙哈發(fā)爾#8226;查爾希希在君士坦丁堡時(shí)期就開始出售舊書。

To shop where the locals shop， head over to Istiklal Caddesi in Beyoglu. Once known as the Grande Rue de Pera， this cosmopolitan street gave Istanbul its reputation as the Paris of the East.Lined with smart boutiques， five-star hotels， cinemas， restaurants， and bars， Istiklal Caddesi is an elegant street that begins at Taksim Square and ends at Tünel Square. As one of Istanbul's busiest promenades， tourists and locals alike enjoy the many opportunities for people watching， shopping， and eating.

說起當(dāng)?shù)刈顣r(shí)尚的購(gòu)物街，那就要去貝尤魯?shù)囊了沟峡死瓲柎蠼至恕＿@條時(shí)尚大街以前被譽(yù)為Grande Rue de Pera——“東方的巴黎”。而奢華的沙哈發(fā)爾#8226;查爾希希則從Taksim廣場(chǎng)延伸到Tünel廣場(chǎng)，道路兩邊滿是林立的時(shí)裝店、五星級(jí)旅館、電影院、飯店以及酒吧。作為伊斯坦布爾最繁華的步行街之一，游客以及當(dāng)?shù)厝私?jīng)常來這里逛逛、購(gòu)物和聚餐。

Eating

飲食

Turkish food is varied and delicious， often reminiscent of other Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines.

土耳其美食種類繁多、鮮美可口，能讓人聯(lián)想到其它一些地中海國(guó)家以及中東地區(qū)的菜肴。

A Turkish breakfast is very simple， with clean， strong tastes that complement each other. It consists of bread， with cucumbers， tomatoes， and yoghurt or cheese， washed down with a cup of strong Turkish coffee.

土耳其早餐很簡(jiǎn)單，但味道純粹而濃烈。大多是由面包、黃瓜、西紅柿、酸酪乳或者干酪組成，再加上一杯濃濃的土耳其咖啡。

Along with the usual lamb or chicken kebabs that can be found on nearly every street corner， bread is everywhere. A Turkish specialty is simit， a light bread that is shaped like a ring and covered with sesame seeds. Simit is sold as street food or in bakeries， making it easy to grab when you're on the run to the next tourist destination.

嫩羊肉和雞肉幾乎在每一個(gè)街角都能看見，面包更是到處都有。最具有土耳其特色的是simit，一種灑上厚厚芝麻的環(huán)形白面包。simit在面包店里被當(dāng)作街邊零食來賣，游客可以直接抓著它飛奔到下一個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn)，非常方便。

For a real Turkish experience， try going to a meyhane where they serve meze (small dishes) and raki， a strong Turkish spirit. These restaurants are communal spaces where the pace is lively and the conversations loud. Start with cold mezzes such as eggplant salads or melon with cheese， picking these from a large plate offered by your waiter.

如果要感受真正的土耳其，那你就要去提供meze （一種菜肴）和raki（一種土耳其烈酒），的meyhane看看了。這些飯店都在很活躍嘈雜的公共場(chǎng)所。開胃菜一般都是冷盤，由侍者端上來盛在一個(gè)大盤子里，比如茄子沙拉或者瓜果奶酪。

As a maritime city， Istanbul is famous for its seafood. Places to try fresh fish abound， ranging from the humble street food stands to fancy restaurants. Grilled， fried， seared， in a soup or salad， you could easily eat nothing but fish and seafood and still eat something new each time.

作為一個(gè)海濱城市，伊斯坦布爾的海產(chǎn)品尤為出名。從街邊的簡(jiǎn)陋小攤到豪華的星級(jí)飯店，都能夠品嘗到新鮮的海產(chǎn)品?？镜摹⒓宓?、炸的，再配上一碗或者湯色拉，你會(huì)輕易地將擺在你面前的海鮮一掃而空，并且再開始下一頓美食。

A particularly good place to eat fish and seafood is the Kumkapi area in the Emininou neighborhood， where 20-odd restaurants compete with each other in a fun， carnivalesque atmosphere. Musicians stroll on the streets underneath glittering strings of lights while you tuck into a delicious meal.

吃海鮮最好的地方是在Emininou臨近的庫姆卡普，二十多家餐館在一片歡樂和諧的氛圍中競(jìng)相招攬顧客。當(dāng)你淋漓盡致地享受一頓大餐時(shí)，音樂家們正漫步于明媚閃耀的陽光下。

Turkish baths

土耳其浴

A great way to relax in Istanbul is to try a Turkish bath， or hamam. As the hamam is associated with Turkish traditions and rituals， it is also a wonderful way to experience Turkish culture at its most relaxing.

在伊斯坦布爾放松的最好方式就是去享受土耳其浴，也就是hamam（土耳其蒸汽浴室）。hamam與土耳其傳統(tǒng)以及宗教儀式緊密相聯(lián)，更是體驗(yàn)土耳其文化最愜意輕松的一種絕佳方式。

More than just bathhouses， hamams served as important gathering places for the community. Women used hamams to meet friends and gossip， while men conducted business and discussed politics. The hamams were also places associated with different milestones in life， particularly marriage or newborn children.

hamam除了是浴室外，更是聚會(huì)的好地方。女人們可以在這里呼朋喚友、閑話家常，男人們則商討生意、談?wù)撜巍Ｍ瑫r(shí)，hamams還具有紀(jì)念意義，記錄著各式各樣重要的人生里程碑，尤其是婚姻和生子。

Hamams are separated by gender so that men and women do not see each other while bathing. The visit begins with the camekan， the area where a bather may dress and undress， as well as secure her belongings. You will also be given a towel and a set of bathing clogs so that you do not slip in the baths.

hamams分為男、女浴室。洗浴者最先來到的是camekan——更換和存放衣物的地方。另外你也會(huì)領(lǐng)到一條毛巾和一雙防滑的木底鞋。

After undressing， the bather is taken to the hararet， the hot， humid main room， where a raised marble platform holds court. This is where bathers wait to be scrubbed by an attendant， who will scrub you with soap and a coarse sponge until you are cleaner than you ever have been in your life. The attendant may also give you a rough but energizing massage.

脫好衣服，洗浴者就來到高溫、潮濕、霧氣蒸騰的hararet——有著凸起的大理石平臺(tái)的洗浴間。在這里，洗浴者們等待服務(wù)員們前來擦背，他們會(huì)用香皂和粗糙的海綿將你洗刷得前所未有的干凈。而且，還會(huì)給你來一個(gè)勁道十足的全身放松按摩。

After the body has been scrubbed down， the attendant starts to work on your hair， which receives a similar treatment. After all of this scrubbing， the attendant will take you to be doused with warm water.

清洗完身體，服務(wù)員會(huì)以同樣的方式給你洗頭。所有一切都清洗完畢后，服務(wù)員則會(huì)帶你去溫水里浸泡。

Finally， you will be taken to the sogukluk， the cooling room. Wrapped up in your towel and drinking the proffered tea， you can stay here as long as you like to recover from the heat of the bath.

最后，你就來到sogukluk——冷卻室。圍上浴巾，喝著浴室提供的茶水，你可以盡情地留在這里休息，直到你從剛剛的蒸氣浴中完全恢復(fù)后再離開。

Istanbul by Sea

海

One of the most memorable - and cheapest - ways to see Istanbul is by taking a trip with the Bosphorus Tour ferry. Nominally a commuter ferry， the boats are also popular with tourists since they allow for a waterfront lunch at the last stop， the quiet town of Anadolu Kavagi.

感受伊斯坦布爾最難忘也是最劃算的方式莫過于來一次博斯普魯斯海峽之旅了。雖然是往返客船，但這些游輪極其受到游客的歡迎，大家可以在輪船的最后一站——安靜的小鎮(zhèn)Anadolu Kavagi——享受一頓海鮮大餐。

Experiencing Istanbul by ferry gives it a completely different feel， as the colorful tumult of the city recedes quietly into a magnificent panorama. Beachfront mansions known as yalis line the Strait， while the 19th-century splendor of the Dolmabahccedil;e Palace presides over the skyline and two bridges connecting Asia and Europe span the horizon.

坐輪船游覽伊斯坦布爾完全是另一種感受，迎著海風(fēng)，城市的喧囂浮華都褪成了一幅絢麗的風(fēng)景畫。緊靠海峽的是美麗的海濱住宅區(qū)yalis，19世紀(jì) Dolmabahccedil;e宮的光芒映襯著地平線，兩座雄偉的大橋橫跨歐亞兩大洲異常壯觀。

At Anadolu Kavagi， restaurants compete for business by offering deals on delicious seafood and waterfront views. Take a few hours to eat and then explore the island by foot. With the sea breezes wafting through the trees， the atmosphere on the island is redolent of a quieter， simpler time.

在Anadolu Kavagi，幾乎所有的餐館都競(jìng)相提供美味的海鮮并以秀麗的濱海風(fēng)景來招攬生意。花上幾個(gè)小時(shí)享受一頓美食，然后再漫步于海島上，樹枝在海風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳，一種寧靜、純粹的芬芳在空氣中泛漾開來。

After lunch， visitors can choose to return the way you came， by ferry， or return back to central Istanbul overland by bus.

午餐后，游客們可以選擇輪渡或者大巴回到伊斯坦布爾城區(qū)。

It's impossible to write of all the things that you can experience in Istanbul. But whatever you choose， the Queen of Cities promises to dazzle all of your senses.

總之，很難把在伊斯坦布爾所能感受到的一切美妙事物都記錄下來。但無論你選擇了什么，這座艷冠群芳的城市都會(huì)以它無與倫比的風(fēng)采讓你迷失其中。

Notes:

1. set aside

意思為“留出、不顧、取消、駁回”，在文中的指的是游客要在行程中留出一天時(shí)間來游覽托普卡匹宮。

2. sultan

蘇丹，某些伊斯蘭國(guó)家統(tǒng)治者的最高稱號(hào)，特指前奧斯曼帝國(guó)的最高統(tǒng)治者。

3. abound in

意思為“盛產(chǎn)、富于”。.

4. with open arms

是個(gè)固定搭配，意思為“熱情地、友好地”。

5. a far cry

意思為“遙遠(yuǎn)的距離，不太相同的東西”。文中指沙哈發(fā)爾#8226;查爾希希和大集市呈現(xiàn)出完全不同的氛圍。

6. spirit

該詞有很多種意思，作名詞“精神、靈魂、勇氣、熱情”，作動(dòng)詞“鼓勵(lì)、鼓舞、誘拐”，在文章中指的是烈酒。

Links:

1. Istanbul伊斯坦布爾

歷史悠久的古國(guó)名都伊斯坦布爾建于公元前668年，到1453年奧斯曼土耳其人取得該城后開始稱為伊斯坦布爾，從那時(shí)起一直是土耳其帝國(guó)的首都。1923年土耳其共和國(guó)遷都安卡拉，但伊斯坦布爾仍然是土耳其經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的重心所在。

伊斯坦布爾不僅地理上橫跨兩洲，而且還兼收并蓄歐、亞、非三洲各民族思想、文化、藝術(shù)的精粹。在其東西方交融的悠久歷史中遺留下來許多源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)的博物館、教堂、宮殿、清真寺、市集以及美妙的大自然風(fēng)光，還有兩河（底格里斯河和幼發(fā)拉底河）流域和小亞細(xì)亞地區(qū)各民族的史前文化，使你不得不為之傾倒。暮色四合，遙望博斯普魯斯海峽，當(dāng)看見一切在歷史長(zhǎng)河中所醞釀的奇跡沉浸在夕陽余暉下，熠熠生輝，你就會(huì)由衷地感嘆伊斯坦布爾無愧為世界上最夢(mèng)幻的城市。

2. Istanbul: Memories of a City 伊斯坦布爾：一座城市的記憶

“伊斯坦布爾的命運(yùn)就是我的命運(yùn)：我依附于這個(gè)城市，只因她造就了今天的我。”

——帕慕克

2006年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者、土耳其作家奧爾罕#8226;帕慕克的自傳性作品讓更多的人對(duì)伊斯坦布爾這座古都充滿了無盡的幻想。對(duì)帕慕克而言，伊斯坦布爾一直是一座充滿帝國(guó)遺跡的城市。這個(gè)城市特有的“呼愁”，早已滲入少年帕慕克的身體和靈魂之中。如今作為作家的帕慕克，以其獨(dú)特的歷史感與善于描寫的杰出天分，重訪家族秘史，發(fā)掘舊地往事的脈絡(luò)，拼貼出當(dāng)代伊斯坦布爾的城市生活。

當(dāng)一個(gè)人的信念、熱情、欲望、愛戀全都糾結(jié)在一個(gè)城市之中，這種“傾城之戀”將始終追隨著生命的足跡，揮之不去。置身于伊斯坦布爾，愛恨欲念，表露無遺。跟隨他的成長(zhǎng)記憶，我們可以目睹他個(gè)人失落的美好時(shí)光，認(rèn)識(shí)傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代并存的城市歷史，感受土耳其文明的憂傷。

3. Sweet Life 甜蜜生活

伊斯坦布爾的人幾乎一日三餐無甜不歡，就算不是伊斯蘭教徒，都會(huì)瘋狂的吃甜品。有70多年歷史的Saray Muhallebicisi甜品店經(jīng)?？蜐M為患，而且都是作為主食。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)伊斯坦布爾的男人們經(jīng)常掛在嘴邊的一句話是：“You are so beautiful!”估計(jì)是吃多了甜品，甜言蜜語自然就脫口而出。

土耳其之所以特別多甜品，據(jù)說是因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)奧圖曼帝國(guó)時(shí)期的情圣蘇丹為取悅身邊的女人而命令宮中廚師創(chuàng)制新甜品。最后，廚師總共創(chuàng)制出超過300款的甜品和糖果。可想而知，這個(gè)情圣蘇丹自然達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果，在那么多的美味甜品前，估計(jì)很少有人能夠抵擋得住它的誘惑。

4. Tea Culture茶文化

在伊斯坦布爾，甚至整個(gè)土耳其，茶都是當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裆畹谋匦杵罚瑹o論在哪都能看見茶館的身影，總之，茶已經(jīng)滲透到土耳其人民的各個(gè)角落。

土耳其人喜歡喝紅茶，喝茶用的是玻璃杯、小匙、小碟。煮茶時(shí)，使用一大一小兩把銅茶壺。煮好后會(huì)加上一些白糖，使茶、水、糖混勻后便可飲用。土耳其人認(rèn)為只有色澤紅艷透明，香氣撲鼻、滋味甘醇可口的茶才是恰到好處。在一些旅游勝地的茶室里，還有專門的煮茶高手教游客學(xué)著煮茶?？傊?，喝茶在土耳其早就已經(jīng)變成了一種生活情趣和文化。