一、連詞的種類

連詞是一種虛詞，在句子中起連接作用，連接單詞、短語或句子。從連詞本身的含義及所表示的語言單位之間的邏輯關(guān)系來看，連詞可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞；從連詞本身的結(jié)構(gòu)來看，連詞可分為簡單連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)連詞和分詞連詞。

二、并列連詞的用法

并列連詞在句子中連接兩個(gè)并列的成分，在句中的位置比較固定，且兩個(gè)并列連詞不能并用，下面對常用的并列連詞作一介紹。

1. and

and意為“和，并且，而且，但”，表示動作的先后、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、強(qiáng)化語義等。例如：

Mary and Lucy like music very much．

瑪麗和露茜非常喜歡音樂。

It's getting colder and colder in winter．

冬天氣候變得越來越冷。

I like reading and my brother likes watching TV．

我喜歡讀書，而我弟弟喜歡看電視。

Be careful and you'll make fewer mistakes．

小心點(diǎn)，你就會少犯錯(cuò)誤。

2.or

or意為“或、或者、否則”，表示選擇、轉(zhuǎn)折等。例如：

Do you like bananas or apples？

你是喜歡吃香蕉還是蘋果呢？

Lily or Lucy will help you today.

今天莉莉或露茜將幫助你。

Work hard or you'll fail in your exams．

努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會考試不及格。

3.but

but表示“然而；但是，可是”，含有轉(zhuǎn)折之意。例如：

I failed last time but I won't lose confidence．

我上次失敗了，但沒有失去信心。

They have tried their best but they were beaten．

他們已經(jīng)盡了最大努力了，但最終還是失敗了。

4.so

so表示“因此、所以、于是”，表示因果關(guān)系。例如：

This is my first time to visit the town，so I don't know more about it.

這是我第一次參觀這個(gè)城市，因此我對它了解不多。

She doesn't know French，so she doesn't understatand me at all．

她不懂法語，因此她根本聽不懂我的話。

注意

so還可以用作副詞和代詞，表示“也是如此”。例如：

You speak so fast that everyone can't hear you clearly.你說得太快，大家都沒有聽清楚。

——Do you think the answer is right？

你認(rèn)為答案對嗎？

——I think so. 我認(rèn)為對。

5. for

for表示“因?yàn)椤保糜诮忉尠l(fā)生某事的原因。例如：

I was late this morning，for I got up late．

我今天早上遲到，是因?yàn)槲移鸫财鹜砹恕?/p>

Don't move，for there is a snake in front．

別動，因?yàn)榍斑呌幸粭l蛇。

Hurry up，for there is little time left．

快點(diǎn)，因?yàn)閹缀鯖]有時(shí)間了。

對比

because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，構(gòu)成的是一種因果關(guān)系，專門解釋原因，可回答 why的提問；for引導(dǎo)的句子只為前面的一個(gè)分句中所說的話提供推斷的理由，加以解釋，只能位于句末。例如：

——Why do you like English？

你為什么喜歡英語？

——Because I find it very interesting.

因?yàn)槲矣X得它很有趣。

My father didn't go to work yesterday，for he was hurt．我爸爸昨天沒上班，因?yàn)樗芰藗?/p>

6.both...and...

both…and…表示“既……又……”、“兩者都……”，連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

Both my English teacher and my maths teacher like playing football．

我的英語和數(shù)學(xué)老師都喜歡踢足球。

I can speak both French and English.

我既會說法語也會說英語。

7．neither...nor...

neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”、“兩者都不”，連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語和靠近的那一個(gè)主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如：

Neither my brother nor my sister likes music．

我哥哥和我姐姐都不喜歡音樂。

Neither America nor England agrees to the plan．

美國和英國都不同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃。

8．either...or...

either…or…表示“或者……或者……”、“要么……要么……”，有選擇之意。連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語和靠近的那一個(gè)主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致例如：

You can drink either coffee or tea．

你可以喝咖啡，也可以喝茶。

Either Japan or China will take part in the meeting.

或日本或中國將參加這個(gè)會議。

9. not only...but (also)...

Not only…but(also)…表示“不但……而且……”，連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語和靠近的那一個(gè)主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如：

Not only the Chinese people but also the people all over the world love peace．

不但中國人民而且全世界人民都熱愛和平。

She is not only a singer but also a dancer．

她不僅是個(gè)歌唱家，而且是個(gè)舞蹈家。

I not only heard it， but also saw it.

我不但聽見了，而且看見了。

10. as well ss

as well as表示“也、而且、和”，連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語和最前面的那一個(gè)主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如：

The boy is handsome as well as clever．

這個(gè)男孩既英俊又聰明。

My brother as well as my parents is going to skate this afternoon．

不僅我哥哥，我父母今天下午也將去滑冰。

He is good at English as well as maths.

他英語學(xué)得好，數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)得也好。

注意

as well as 表示“也”，側(cè)重于前者，而not

only...but(also)...側(cè)重于后者。例如：

My mother as well as I is interested in music.不僅我媽媽，我也對音樂感興趣。(側(cè)重于前者my mother)

Not only you but also I am good at playing the piano．不但你而且我也擅長彈鋼琴。（側(cè)重于后者I）

三、從屬連詞的用法

從屬連詞用來連接各種從句，常見的從屬連詞有：as，after，before，when，while，since，untll，till，whether，if，because，as if，although，though，as though，that等，從屬連詞常用來連接主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和狀語從句。下面對常用的從屬連詞作一介紹。

1. that

(1)that可用來連接賓語從句，往往可以省略：

例如：

He told me (that) he would call me．

他告訴我他將給我打電話。

The boss ordered that the job would be finished on time

老板下令工作必須按時(shí)完成。

(2)常用that連接的賓語從句列舉：

I guess that…我猜想……

I'm glad that...我高興……

I think that...我認(rèn)為……

I'm sure that…我確信……

I hope that…我希望……

I'm afraid that...我擔(dān)心……

I remember that...我記得……

I find that...我發(fā)現(xiàn)……

I belleve that...我相信……

I say that... 我說……

注意

think，believe，guess，feel，suppose等表示“猜測、認(rèn)為、相信”等的詞，如果主句是第一人稱且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，對于賓語從句的否定，要否定賓語從句，這在語法上叫做否定轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：

I think that you are wrong this time．---I don't think that you are wrong this time．

我認(rèn)為你這次沒錯(cuò)。

I believe that he is sure to come．---I don't believe that he is sute to come．

我相信他肯定不會來。

2. when，while，till，until，before，after，

as soon as， as

when，while， till until，befOre，after，as soon as，as等連詞用事引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。例如：

I was listening to musicwhenmy father cameback home．

我爸爸回家時(shí)，我正在聽音樂。

She was dancmg while her mother was playin the piano．

她媽媽在彈鋼琴時(shí)，她在跳舞。

All my friends had arrived before I came.

在我來之前，我所有的朋友都到了。

He listened to music as he was walking．

他一邊走一邊聽音樂。

3.because，as，since

because，as，since用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。例如：

I didn't go to work last week because I was badly ill.

我上周沒上班是因?yàn)槲业昧酥夭　?/p>

As she is thin，she can't carry the box．

由于身體單薄，她扛不動這個(gè)箱子。

Since everyone has come， let's begin our meeting.

既然大家都到齊了，我們就開會吧。

注意

because表原因，直接說明因果關(guān)系，能回答why的提問；for用來解釋出現(xiàn)某種結(jié)果的理由，只能放在句尾；since表原因，比because語氣稍弱，不如beeause正式，往往表示間接的或附帶的原因，多用于句首；as表原因，其語氣比because和since都弱，as多用于日常生活會話中，它引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在主句之前。例如：

Because he was ill，he didn't go to school yesterday．由于生病，他昨天沒有去上學(xué)。

It's getting cold，for winter has come．

天氣變冷了，因?yàn)槎靵砼R了。

Since it's fine today，let's So picnicing．

（既然）今天天氣好，咱們?nèi)ヒ安桶伞?/p>

As he was ill，we didn't tell him about．

由于他病了，我們就沒把這件事告訴他.

4. if， unless，even if(though)，though

(although)

if，unless，even if(though)，though (although)引導(dǎo)條件或讓步狀語從句。例如：

You mustn't move someone if he is badly hurt.

如果一個(gè)人受了重傷，你一定不要去挪動他。

you won't pass the exam unless you work harder.

如果你不更加努力學(xué)習(xí)，你考試就不會過關(guān)。

We are still good friends though we quarrelled.

盡管我們吵廠架，我們?nèi)匀皇呛门笥选?/p>

They will keep on practising even if (though)it is rainy.

即使天下雨他們也將繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練。

5. so...that...

so…that…表示“如此……以至于……”，用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。例如：

I was so tired that I couldn't move a bit.

我累得走不動了。

We practised so hard that we beat the boy team.

我們訓(xùn)練得很刻苦，所以打敗了男子隊(duì)。

注意

注意so... that...與such...that...too...to…，enough to ...的互換。

She is so sick that she can't go out．

She is such a sick person that she can't go out．

She is too sick to go out．

He works so hard that he gets the first place in his class．

He works hard enough to get the first place in his class．