把陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換為特殊問句時(shí),相當(dāng)多的同學(xué)在疑問句的語序上或動(dòng)詞的變化上常出現(xiàn)毛病。如果讀了下面一首歌訣,也許會(huì)使你少遇麻煩:
疑問詞走前面,后面跟的是一般;
be 動(dòng)詞要提前,情(態(tài))、助動(dòng)詞也趕先;
行為動(dòng)詞請(qǐng)不動(dòng),do 和does加在前;
does 加在主語前,謂語動(dòng)詞變?cè)巍?/p>
說明:◆一、二句的意思是:特殊疑問詞像排頭兵,總是走在隊(duì)伍的最前面,其后再跟一個(gè)一般疑問句。
◆三、四句的意思是:如果陳述句中謂語部分含有be 動(dòng)詞(is, am, are)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, may, must …),或助動(dòng)詞(will…)變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r(shí),就一定要把這個(gè)詞提到主語前面去。
◆五、六句的意思是:如果謂語部分只有行為動(dòng)詞,那么這個(gè)行為動(dòng)詞不能提前,怎么辦?根據(jù)需要在主語前、疑問詞后加助動(dòng)詞do(does)。例如:
I study English for my motherland (祖國(guó)) .
→Why + do + you + study English?
◆七、八句的意思是:如果主語前加does, 謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)還原成動(dòng)詞原形。例如:
Han Meimei cooks food for Li Ming’s coming.
→Why+ does + Han Meimei cook food?
把陳述句改為特殊疑問句的方法步驟可總結(jié)為口訣:“一代二抄三問號(hào)”;“一代二改三提四問號(hào)”??谠E中的“一、二、三、四”均表示步驟,而不表示次數(shù)。
◆“一代二抄三問號(hào)”是用于劃線部分是主語或修飾主語的定語提問的方法。
“一代”是指根據(jù)劃線部分及全句的意義,選擇適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~代替劃線部分;“二抄”指照抄原句劃線部分以外的部分;“三問號(hào)”指最后將原來在句末的句號(hào)變?yōu)閱柼?hào)。例如:
Tom speaks Chinese well.(主語Tom用who代替)
→Who speaks Chinese well ?
一代 二抄 三問號(hào)
My brother is a driver.(My 是主語brother的定語,用whose代替)
→Whose brother is a driver ?
一代 二抄 三問號(hào)
◆ “一代二改三提四問號(hào)”是用于對(duì)非主語和非主語的定語提問的方法。
“一代”同前一個(gè)方法,例如:
They are playing football on the ground.(地點(diǎn)狀語)
→ They are playing football where.
“二改”指把劃線部分以外的部分變成一般疑問句。如上句變?yōu)椋篴re they playing football where.
“三提”指將疑問詞移至句首,同時(shí)第一個(gè)字母要變?yōu)榇髮?,形成“疑問詞+一般問句”句型。如上句可變?yōu)椋篧here are they playing football.
“四問號(hào)”指將句子末尾的句號(hào)變?yōu)閱柼?hào)。如上句變?yōu)椋篧here are they playing football?
另外需注意的是:
①在“三提”中,對(duì)非主語的定語提問,應(yīng)注意把定語所修飾的詞,連同疑問詞一起提到句首。例如:
We have built three buildings in our school.
→How many buildings have you built in your school?
②就介詞的賓語提問,要將介詞一起提到句首,但固定動(dòng)介結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞不能提前。例如:
She lives with her aunt after her parents go abroad.
→With whom does she live after her parents go abroad?