在英語中used to…, be used to…, be used to do…, be used as/for…等用法容易混淆,為了幫同學(xué)們弄清它們的用法,現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下:
一、used to do sth.
used to中的 to是不定式符號(hào),后加動(dòng)詞原形,表示“過去常常做某事(而現(xiàn)在已不做)”,其時(shí)態(tài)形式不變。
1. 肯定句
He used to get up early.他過去常常早起。
The river used to be clean. 這條河過去很干凈。
2. 否定句用didn’t use to, used not to或usedn’t to
He didn’t use to get up early.他過去常常不早起。
The river usedn’t to be clean.這條河過去不干凈。
3. 疑問句常用Did… use to…?或 Used… to…?
Did you use to be a teacher?= Used you to be a teacher?你過去是個(gè)老師嗎?4. 反意疑問句
She used to live in the country, didn’t/usedn’t she?
There used to be a big tree here, didn’t/usedn’t there?
注意used to與 would的區(qū)別:
1. used to表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在已不如此了,would則表示過去和現(xiàn)在均可能有的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。兩者意思基本相同,但used to較為口語化;used to常不需要表示時(shí)間的副詞短語或從句,而would則需要。例如:
He used to get up early.他過去起床很早(現(xiàn)在起床不早了)。
He would get up late when he was young, but he is used to getting up early.他年輕時(shí)經(jīng)常晚起,但現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于早起了。
2. used to既表動(dòng)作,又表狀態(tài),而would只用于表動(dòng)作。如:“他過去身體很好?!敝荒茏g成He used to be very healthy. 不能譯成He would be very healthy.
二、be used to sth./doing sth., get/become/grow used to
be used to中to是介詞,后面加名詞或動(dòng)名詞,其中be有各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化形式,表示“習(xí)慣于……”,強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。get/become/grow used to強(qiáng)調(diào)“變得習(xí)慣于……”。例如:
She is used to living in the country.她習(xí)慣于住在農(nóng)村。
He is used to hard work (working hard).他習(xí)慣于努力地工作。
I am not used to being spoken to in that rude way.我不習(xí)慣別人以那種粗魯?shù)姆绞胶臀艺f話。
You’ll soon be/get/become / grow used to our way of living.你會(huì)漸漸習(xí)慣我們的生活方式。
I have been used to rice (eating rice).我已習(xí)慣了吃米飯。
三、use sth. to do sth.(主動(dòng)形式:用……干某事) , sth. be used to do sth.(被動(dòng)形式:……被用來干某事)
I use a knife to cut bread. (主動(dòng)形式)
→A knife is used to cut bread. (被動(dòng)形式)
They use coal to keep warm. (主動(dòng)形式)
→Coal is used to keep warm.(被動(dòng)形式)
四、be used for sth./doing sth.
be used for中for為介詞,后加名詞或動(dòng)名詞,表示“……被用來干某事”,與be used to do sth. 同義。例如:
—What do you use this tool for?你用這個(gè)工具干什么?
—It is used for cutting/to cut hair. 它被用來剪頭發(fā)。
五、be used as/for(被用作……用)
1. During the war the castle was used as a prison/for keeping prisoners in.戰(zhàn)爭期間這城堡被用來作監(jiān)獄。
2. A burnt stick can be used as a pencil. 燒焦的樹枝可當(dāng)作筆用。