馬庚華
25 我相信他們會(huì)借錢給我們的。
誤:I believe them to lend us the money
正:I believe that they will lend us the money
析:believe 后接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),該不定式通常是 to be。如:I believe him to be honest 我相信他是誠實(shí)的。若為 to do 型,通常應(yīng)改用賓語從句。
26 我們最好馬上送他到醫(yī)院就診。
誤:Wed better to send him to hospital at once
正:Wed better send him to hospital at once
析:had better 后只能接動(dòng)詞原形,不能接帶 to 不定式。其否定式直接在 better 后加 not。如:Youd better not say that 你最好別說那樣的話。
27 今天是我爺爺?shù)?0大壽。
誤:Today is my grandfathers eighty birthday
正:Today is my grandfathers eightieth birthday
析:漢語說“三十歲生日”“八十大壽”等,其實(shí)指的是過第三十個(gè)生日,過第八十個(gè)生日等,所以此時(shí)要用序數(shù)詞,而不能用基數(shù)詞。
28 我可借用一下你的電話嗎?
誤:May I borrow your telephone?
正:May I use your telephone?
析:漢語中的“借用”,不一定都可用 borrow 來表示。一般說來, borrow 只表示借用那些能夠帶走的東西(如書、錢、車、用具等),而對(duì)于那些不能帶走的東西(如電話、圖書室、廁所等)則宜用 use。
29 兩個(gè)孩子都想去參加聚會(huì)。
誤:Both of children want to go to the party
正:Both children want to go to the party
正:Both the children want to go to the party
正:Both of the children want to go to the party
析:both 后接名詞時(shí),用不用定冠詞均可,但是在 both of 之后接名詞時(shí),則該名詞前必須有定冠詞或其他表特指的限定語。
30 她快速地吃完早餐就去上班了。
誤:She had quick breakfast and went to work
正:She had a quick breakfast and went to work
析:若 breakfast 受到形容詞的修飾,表示某頓具有某種特征的早餐時(shí),則其前要用不定冠詞。注:lunch, supper 也具有類似用法特點(diǎn)。
31 你至少要換兩次車。
誤:Youd have to change bus at least twice
正:Youd have to change buses at least twice
析:change buses(轉(zhuǎn)車)中的 buses 總是用復(fù)數(shù),因?yàn)榧纫乱惠v車,又要上另一輛車。比較:change trains(轉(zhuǎn)車),change seats(交換座位)等。
32 同學(xué)們正忙于復(fù)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備考試。
誤:The students are busy to study for their exams
正:The students are busy studying for their exams
析:要表示“忙于做某事”,be busy 后要接 doing sth,不能接 to do sth。不過,有時(shí)也接 in doing sth。如:He was busying (in) writing a report 他正忙于寫一個(gè)報(bào)告。
33 這房子我已買了十年。
誤:I have bought this house for ten years
正:I bought this house ten years ago
正:I have had this house for ten years
正:Its ten years since I bought this house
析:buy 是終止性動(dòng)詞,因此在肯定句中不能與一段時(shí)間連用。遇此情況,應(yīng)改用其他相應(yīng)句式。
34 這個(gè)東西用英語怎么說?
誤:How do you call this in English?
正:What do you call this in English?
正:How do you say this in English?
析:What do you call...與 How do you say...意思相同,但搭配不同,即: call 與 what 搭配, say 與 how 搭配,兩者不可混在一起。(待續(xù))
(編輯陳根花)