被動語態(tài)是英語中常見的語法現(xiàn)象之一,也是中考英語一個考查熱點。對此,筆者歸納了使用被動語態(tài)時的幾個注意事項,以期同學們能夠準確把握。
一、注意被動語態(tài)中的“時態(tài)”
被動語態(tài)有時態(tài)變化,因此,在使用被動語態(tài)時,同學們要注意謂語動詞的“時態(tài)”。不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)如下所示:
一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài):am/is/are+done。
例如:
The book is written from children’s point
of view.
這本書是從兒童的角度寫的。
一 般 過 去 時 的 被 動 語 態(tài) :was/were +done。例如:
The house was built in 1980.
這所房子修建于1980年。
一般將來時的被動語態(tài):will+be+done。
例如:
She will be sent abroad to study further.
她將被派往國外深造。
過去將來時的被動語態(tài):would+be+done。例如:
He told me the radio would be mended in two days.
他告訴我收音機兩天后就會修好。
現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài):am/is/are+be-ing+done。例如:
The window is being cleaned in the class-room by children.
孩子們正在教室里擦窗戶。
過去進行時的被動語態(tài):was/were+be-ing+done。例如:
A new novel were being written by him at
this time last year.
去年的這個時候,他正在寫一部新的小說。
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài):have/has +been+done。例如:
My bike has been repaired by my father.
我的自行車已經(jīng)被我父親修好了。
過去完成時的被動語態(tài):had+been+done。例如:
All the tickets had been sold out before the
film began.
電影放映前,所有的票已經(jīng)售完。
二、注意被動語態(tài)的使用“場合”
(1)當動作的執(zhí)行者未知或不需要言明時,常使用被動語態(tài)。例如:
The vase was broken last night.
花瓶昨晚被打碎了。(誰打碎的未知)
Thousands of trees must be planted every year in China.
在中國,每年都得栽種成千上萬棵樹。(誰種的不需要言明)
(2)當需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時,常使用被動語態(tài)。例如:
The letter was sent by express.
這信是用快遞寄的。(強調(diào)“信”被送)
The Great Wall was rebuilt many times.
長城被重建了多次。(強調(diào)“長城”被重建)
(3)當動作的發(fā)出者是物而非人時,常使用被動語態(tài)。例如:
The crops were washed away by the flood.
莊稼被洪水沖走了。
三、注意被動語態(tài)中“to”的還原
在主動語態(tài)中,當有 have,let,make,feel,
hear,listen to,see,watch,notice等使役動詞或感官動詞時,其后的不定式需要省略不定式符號“to”。但是,在被動語態(tài)中,若出現(xiàn)這些動詞,要注意把不定式符號“to”還原。例如:
①He made me write the new words three times.
→I was made to write the new words three times by him.
他讓我把這些生詞抄寫三遍。
② We often hear her sing English songs in the room.
→She is often heard to sing English songs
in the room by us.
我們經(jīng)常聽到她在房間里唱英文歌。
總之,在學習被動語態(tài)時,同學們要注意被動語態(tài)的使用場合,把握被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化,留心其他注意事項,才能夠不用錯。
【跟蹤訓練】
(1)Sand turns to glass when it by lightning.
A.hits B.is hit
C.is hitting D.will be hit
(2)—Have you heard of the UN Chinese
Language Day?
—Of course. Chinese by more and
more people around the world nowadays.
A.spoken B.is spoken
C.speaks D.was spoken
(3)It’s a long time!I can’t remember
when this picture in Jinshan Park.
A.is taken B.was taken
C.takes D.took
【答案】(1)B;(2)B;(3)B