【導(dǎo)讀】悉尼歌劇院是澳大利亞的地標(biāo)性建筑，堪稱20世紀(jì)最獨(dú)特的建筑之一，同時(shí)也是全球知名的表演藝術(shù)中心，其獨(dú)特的白帆造型與悉尼海港大橋遙相呼應(yīng)，共同構(gòu)成了獨(dú)具特色的城市天際線。悉尼歌劇院始建于1959年，歷時(shí)14年于1973年正式竣工，并向公眾開放。2023年標(biāo)志著悉尼歌劇院落成50周年，為了更深入地了解這個(gè)世界級(jí)文化地標(biāo)，讓我們一同了解悉尼歌劇院的方方面面。通過這篇文章的介紹，我們會(huì)更深刻地認(rèn)識(shí)到，悉尼歌劇院不僅是一座建筑杰作，更是藝術(shù)、文化和創(chuàng)新的交匯點(diǎn)，為澳大利亞乃至全球的藝術(shù)發(fā)展做出了獨(dú)特的貢獻(xiàn)。

Sydney Opera House， originally designed by Danish architect J?rn Utzon， marks its 50th anniversary in 2023. The Sydney Opera House is the symbol of modern Australia， the nation’s leading tourism destination， one of the world’s busiest performing arts centres， and a community meeting place that belongs to all Australians.

悉尼歌劇院最初由丹麥建筑師約恩·烏松設(shè)計(jì)，2023年是悉尼歌劇院落成50周年紀(jì)念。悉尼歌劇院是現(xiàn)代澳大利亞的象征、該國(guó)最著名的旅游勝地、世界上最繁忙的表演藝術(shù)中心之一，同時(shí)，它還承載著澳大利亞人的文化共鳴，成為一個(gè)社區(qū)集會(huì)的場(chǎng)所。

1. Sydney Opera House sits on Bennelong Point. Bennelong Point was named after Woollarawarre Bennelong， a senior Eora1 man at the time of the arrival of British colonisers in Australia in 1788.

1. 悉尼歌劇院坐落在澳大利亞新南威爾士州悉尼市區(qū)北部悉尼港的便利朗角。便利朗角是以伍拉拉瓦爾·便利朗的名字命名的。英國(guó)殖民者于1788年抵達(dá)澳大利亞時(shí)，便利朗是依奧拉族原住民的長(zhǎng)老。

2. The original cost estimate to build Sydney Opera House was $7 million. The final cost was $102 million and it was largely paid for by a State Lottery. Utzon， who resigned midway， never saw his design completed.

2. 悉尼歌劇院的建設(shè)成本最初預(yù)估為700萬(wàn)澳元。最終成本激增至1.02億澳元，其中大部分由新南威爾士州政府發(fā)行的彩票支付。烏松中途辭職，從未有機(jī)會(huì)親眼目睹他的設(shè)計(jì)作品完工。

3. 233 designs were submitted for the Opera House international design competition held in 1956. J?rn Utzon from Denmark was announced the winner， receiving ?5000 for his design. Utzon’s 12 drawings arrived in Sydney just before the competition closed in December and were numbered entry 218 out of 233.

3. 1956年舉辦的歌劇院國(guó)際設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽共收到233份設(shè)計(jì)方案。丹麥建筑師約恩·烏松的設(shè)計(jì)脫穎而出，他因此獲得了5000英鎊的獎(jiǎng)金。比賽于12月截稿，烏松的12幅設(shè)計(jì)圖紙?jiān)诮馗迩耙豢踢\(yùn)抵悉尼，在參賽的233份作品中被編為第218號(hào)。

4. Construction was expected to take four years. It took 14 years. Work commenced in 1959 and involved 10，000 construction workers. Executing Utzon’s vision was a huge challenge.

4. 原計(jì)劃4年完工的建設(shè)最終耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)14年。1959年開始動(dòng)工建造，共有1萬(wàn)名建筑工人參與其中。實(shí)現(xiàn)烏松的設(shè)計(jì)愿景是一項(xiàng)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。

5. American singer and civil rights activist Paul Robeson was the first person to perform at Sydney Opera House. In 1960， he climbed the scaffolding and sang Ol’ Man River to the construction workers as they ate lunch. The first performance at the Sydney Opera House took place long before the building was complete and even before construction of the sails had commenced.

5. 美國(guó)歌手和民權(quán)活動(dòng)家保羅·羅伯遜是在悉尼歌劇院演出的第一人。1960年，他爬上腳手架，為正在吃午餐的建筑工人演唱了歌曲《老人河》。悉尼歌劇院的首場(chǎng)演出遠(yuǎn)早于建筑竣工，甚至風(fēng)帆都還未開始建造。

6. Sydney Opera House was added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2007. Expert evaluation to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee， in 2007， described it as “one of the indisputable masterpieces of human creativity， not only in the 20th century but in the history of humankind，” and it has provided the backdrop for innumerable standout moments.

6. 2007年，悉尼歌劇院被列入聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。當(dāng)時(shí)，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界文化遺產(chǎn)委員會(huì)的專家對(duì)悉尼歌劇院的評(píng)價(jià)是，該歌劇院“不僅是20世紀(jì)，而且是人類歷史上，人類創(chuàng)造力無可爭(zhēng)議的杰出作品之一”，為無數(shù)令人矚目的歷史時(shí)刻提供了背景。

7. There are more than 1 million roof tiles covering approximately 1.62 hectares sitting over the structure. They were made in Sweden. In total， the Sydney Opera House is covered by 1，056，006 roof tiles， which are “self-cleaning，” designed to be effectively cleaned by rainwater.

7. 悉尼歌劇院鋪設(shè)了100多萬(wàn)塊屋頂瓦片，總面積約1.62公頃。所有瓦片均為瑞典制造。總共有1，056，006塊屋頂瓦片覆蓋整個(gè)歌劇院，這些瓦片具備“自潔”功能，可MYcPa8aMAcD3N1ttzxp0+A==以通過雨水進(jìn)行有效清洗。

8. Seven A380s could sit wing-to-wing on the site. Complete， the Opera House measures 600 feet long and 394 feet wide at its widest point. The structure’s large precast concrete “shells” are each composed of sections of a sphere with a 246-foot and 8.6-inch radius. The highest roof point is almost 220 feet above sea level—around the same height as a 22-story building.

8. 悉尼歌劇院現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可并排?？?架A380客機(jī)。建成的歌劇院長(zhǎng)600英尺，最寬處394英尺。這座建筑用的是大型預(yù)制混凝土“外殼”，每塊外殼由半徑約246.72英尺的球體的各個(gè)部分組成。屋頂最高點(diǎn)距離海平面近220英尺，大約相當(dāng)于22層樓的高度。

9. Sydney Opera House was opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 20th October， 1973. She has since visited four times， most recently in 2006. She recognized what had been achieved in birthing not just an iconic building， but the new face of a nation， ushering in an incredible new era of performance art.

9. 1973年10月20日，英國(guó)女王伊麗莎白二世為悉尼歌劇院揭幕。此后，她曾4次到訪，最近一次是在2006年。女王認(rèn)為，悉尼歌劇院落成不僅意味著誕生了一座標(biāo)志性建筑，還體現(xiàn)了澳大利亞這個(gè)國(guó)家的新面貌，開啟了表演藝術(shù)非凡的新時(shí)代。

10. When the Sydney Symphony Orchestra is on stage in the Concert Hall， the temperature must be 22.5 degrees to ensure the instruments stay in tune. Temperature and humidity are critical to musical instruments.

10. 悉尼交響樂團(tuán)在音樂廳登臺(tái)演出時(shí)，室溫必須保持在22.5攝氏度，以確保樂器的音準(zhǔn)。溫度和濕度對(duì)樂器至關(guān)重要。

11. Arnold Schwarzenegger （former actor and Governor of California） won his final Mr Olympia body building title in 1980 in the Concert Hall.

11. 1980年，阿諾德·施瓦辛格（曾當(dāng)過演員和美國(guó)加州州長(zhǎng)）在悉尼歌劇院音樂廳贏得了他最后一個(gè)“奧林匹亞先生”稱號(hào)。

12. A net was installed above the orchestra pit in the Joan Sutherland Theatre during the 1980s following an incident during the opera Boris Godunov. The opera featured live chickens and one bird walked off the stage and landed on top of a cellist.

12. 20世紀(jì)80年代，歌劇《鮑里斯·戈都諾夫》上演期間發(fā)生了一起意外事件，隨后瓊·薩瑟蘭劇場(chǎng)管弦樂池上方便安裝了一張防護(hù)網(wǎng)。該歌劇演出會(huì)使用活雞，當(dāng)時(shí)一只雞跑下舞臺(tái)，落在了一個(gè)大提琴手的頭上。

13. More than 10.9 million people visit the Opera House every year. Sydney Opera House is the Country’s number one tourist destination and its busiest performing arts centre hosting more than 1，800 performances attended by more than 1.4 million people. Deloitte has estimated the total cultural and iconic value of the Sydney Opera House to Australia at $11.4 billion.

13. 悉尼歌劇院每年接待游客超過1090萬(wàn)。它是澳大利亞最熱門的旅游目的地和最繁忙的表演藝術(shù)中心，每年舉辦超過1800場(chǎng)演出，吸引了超過140萬(wàn)名觀眾。根據(jù)德勤公司的估算，對(duì)澳大利亞來說，悉尼歌劇院文化和象征意義的總價(jià)值高達(dá)114億澳元。

14. Sydney Opera House is cooled using seawater taken directly from the harbour. Working with engineer Ove Arup， Utzon implemented a cooling system which circulated seawater from the surrounding harbor through more than 20 miles of pipes， saving close to four million gallons of municipal potable water each year; in addition to naturally air-conditioning spaces， the system also sequestered heat produced by cooling units to keep interiors warm during the chillier months.

14. 悉尼歌劇院所用的冷卻水是直接取自港口的海水。烏松與工程師奧韋·阿魯普合作，設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)冷卻系統(tǒng)，通過20多英里長(zhǎng)的管道循環(huán)使用周圍港口的海水，每年可節(jié)省近400萬(wàn)加侖的市政飲用水。該系統(tǒng)不僅為室內(nèi)空間提供了自然空調(diào)，還巧妙隔離了冷卻裝置釋放的熱量，可以在寒冷的季節(jié)為室內(nèi)保暖。

15. Each year， Lunar New Year is celebrated at the Opera House with sails lit in red， Lunar Lanterns and Mandarin tours.

15. 悉尼歌劇院每年都會(huì)舉辦中國(guó)農(nóng)歷新年的慶?；顒?dòng)，歌劇院風(fēng)帆外殼會(huì)被點(diǎn)亮成紅色，還會(huì)高掛燈籠，并提供普通話導(dǎo)游。

* 麥考瑞大學(xué)文化研究方向哲學(xué)博士，北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué)英美文學(xué)方向博士，悉尼大學(xué)教育學(xué)碩士。現(xiàn)任澳大利亞西悉尼大學(xué)人文與傳播藝術(shù)學(xué)院翻譯系教師，從事商務(wù)口譯、文學(xué)翻譯、視聽翻譯等課程的英文教學(xué)。主要研究方向包括美國(guó)文學(xué)、澳大利亞原住民文學(xué)、翻譯理論與實(shí)踐。

1 居住在杰克遜港地區(qū)的澳大利亞原住民部落。